Lymphatic endothelium

Lymphatic endothelium

The lymphatic endothelium is a specialised form of epithelium, distinct from but similar to vascular endothelium.

Although lymphatics were first described by Hippocrates in 400BC and rediscovered as "milky veins in the gut of a well fed dog" in the 1600s by Gasparo Aselli, they were ignored for centuries until in 1937 Howard Florey showed that lymphatics enlarge in inflammation. At this stage vascular and lymphatic endothelia were seen to be morphologically distinct and lymphatic vessels considered less important. Later it was discovered that VEGF-R3 and VEGF-C/VEGF-D were the key growth factors controlling lymphatic endothelial proliferation. Markers of lymphatic endolthelium were not discovered until relatively recently. These being LYVE-1 (Jackson et al,1999)cite web | title = J.Cell Biol: LYVE-1, a new homologue of the CD44 glycoprotein, is a lymph-specific receptor for hyaluronan 1| url = http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/full/144/4/789?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=lyve-1&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=144&issue=4&resourcetype=HWCIT| accessdate = ] and podoplanin (Kerjaschki,199)cite web | title = Am. J. Pathol: Angiosarcomas express mixed endothelial phenotypes of blood and lymphatic capillaries: podoplanin as a specific marker for lymphatic andothelium 2| url = http://ajp.amjpathol.org/cgi/content/full/154/2/385?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&titleabstract=Angiosarcomas+express+mixed+endothelial+phenotypes+of+blood+and+lymphatic+capill&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&firstpage=385&fdate=1/1/1999&tdate=12/31/1999&resourcetype=HWCIT| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Jackson DG |title=The lymphatics revisited: new perspectives from the hyaluronan receptor LYVE-1. |journal=Trends Cardiovasc. Med. |volume=13 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12554094 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Banerji S, Ni J, Wang SX, "et al." |title=LYVE-1, a new homologue of the CD44 glycoprotein, is a lymph-specific receptor for hyaluronan. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=144 |issue= 4 |pages= 789-801 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10037799 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Cunnick GH, Jiang WG, Gomez KF, Mansel RE |title=Lymphangiogenesis quantification using quantitative PCR and breast cancer as a model. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=288 |issue= 4 |pages= 1043-6 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11689016 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5869
*cite journal | author=Mouta Carreira C, Nasser SM, di Tomaso E, "et al." |title=LYVE-1 is not restricted to the lymph vessels: expression in normal liver blood sinusoids and down-regulation in human liver cancer and cirrhosis. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=61 |issue= 22 |pages= 8079-84 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11719431 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Cursiefen C, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Küchle M, "et al." |title=Lymphatic vessels in vascularized human corneas: immunohistochemical investigation using LYVE-1 and podoplanin. |journal=Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. |volume=43 |issue= 7 |pages= 2127-35 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12091407 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Huang SS, Tang FM, Huang YH, "et al." |title=Cloning, expression, characterization, and role in autocrine cell growth of cell surface retention sequence binding protein-1. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 44 |pages= 43855-69 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12912978 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M306411200
*cite journal | author=Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, "et al." |title=The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2265-70 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12975309 |doi= 10.1101/gr.1293003
*cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, "et al." |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504
*cite journal | author=Otsuki T, Ota T, Nishikawa T, "et al." |title=Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=12 |issue= 2 |pages= 117-26 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16303743 |doi= 10.1093/dnares/12.2.117
*cite journal | author=Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, "et al." |title=Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. |journal=J. Proteome Res. |volume=4 |issue= 6 |pages= 2070-80 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16335952 |doi= 10.1021/pr0502065
*cite journal | author=Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, "et al." |title=Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=16 |issue= 1 |pages= 55-65 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16344560 |doi= 10.1101/gr.4039406
*cite journal | author=Nguyen VA, Kutzner H, Fürhapter C, "et al." |title=Infantile hemangioma is a proliferation of LYVE-1-negative blood endothelial cells without lymphatic competence. |journal=Mod. Pathol. |volume=19 |issue= 2 |pages= 291-8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16424896 |doi= 10.1038/modpathol.3800537
*cite journal | author=Gu B, Alexander JS, Gu Y, "et al." |title=Expression of lymphatic vascular endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) in the human placenta. |journal=Lymphatic research and biology |volume=4 |issue= 1 |pages= 11-7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16569201 |doi= 10.1089/lrb.2006.4.11
*cite journal | author=Llovet JM, Chen Y, Wurmbach E, "et al." |title=A molecular signature to discriminate dysplastic nodules from early hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV cirrhosis. |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=131 |issue= 6 |pages= 1758-67 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17087938 |doi= 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.09.014


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