HMS Ferret (shore establishment 1940)

HMS "Ferret" was a shore establishment and naval base of the Royal Navy during the Second World War, located in Londonderry. It was given a ship's name as a "stone frigate".

History

With the outbreak of the Second World War and the start of the Battle of the Atlantic, the Admiralty decided to develop a large new naval base in Northern Ireland to serve as a base for convoy escorts, providing repair and refuelling facilities. [http://www.shantallow.org/History/derry.htm Ferret in N. Ireland] ] Londonderry was selected as a prime location, as being the UK's most westerly port it provided the fastest access into the Atlantic. Royal Navy warships could then quickly come to the aid of convoys under attack by German U-boats, and help to escort the convoys in and out of British ports.

The old Ebrington Barracks were taken over by the navy and commissioned on 9 December 1940 as HMS "Ferret".Ward, "Shore establishments" p. 75.] The shipyard at Pennyburn was also taken over as "Fort George", and used as a ship repair facility, manned by workers from the Harland and Wolff yards at Belfast. [ [http://www.fortgeorge.org/pages/backgr.htm History of 'Fort George'] ] Ships based at "Ferret" were under the control of Western Approaches Command, located in Plymouth for the early part of the war. The main headquarters for the Western Approaches Command was moved to Liverpool in February 1941 as the North Western Approaches became the most vital area of convoy activity. [http://www.ilex-urc.com/index.cfm/do/EbringtonHistory A history of Ebrington Barracks] ] "Ferret" was then the backup for the Liverpool headquarters, with the other main bases in the area being at Greenock, and later at Belfast. The organisational function of "Ferret" was to form escort groups of the warships based there, mostly small destroyers, frigates, corvettes and armed trawlers. From 1 February 1941 these craft had a separate accounting system from the main base. By 1942 this system had been extended to handle the accounts of Royal Navy ships based at St' John's and Argentia. A Coastal Forces base was established in April 1941, under the name HMS "Ferret II".

American presence

The Destroyers for Bases Agreement was finalised between Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt in September 1940, and fifty ageing American destroyers were transferred to the Royal Navy as the Town class, in return for bases across the empire. As part of the deal four hundred American technicians were transferred to HMS "Ferret", arriving on 30 June 1941 and started working in civilian clothes as America was not officially at war. The American personnel later moved out of "Ferret" and into camps constructed in the area, and on 5 February 1942 a US base was officially established. US Marines also arrived, and were used to guard the camps and the main base, as well as outlying ammunition dumps. In November 1942 Eleanor Roosevelt visited the base, accompanied by Lady Montgomery, the mother of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery.

Later developments

By 1942 Beach Hill Camp had been commissioned as HMS "Ferret III", and the base had become an important centre for anti-submarine training. British and other allied submarines were sometimes used to simulate real conditions. New technological developments were also worked on to improve anti-U-boat measures. One of the innovations developed here was the Squid Mortar. The base became an important centre to train new crews, and refit ships transferred from America with the more effective British developments. Some buildings were set aside to train crews in how to handle objects on deck, one building had a full cross-section of a destroyer's deck built inside it.

urrender of the U-boats

After the end of the war, large numbers of captured German U-boats were surrendered to British forces on the Scottish and Irish coasts and were brought to Lisahally. The American base had been transferred to the Royal Navy on 31 October 1944 and then closed on 2 September 1944. The site was commissioned in May 1945 as HMS "Ferret IV" specifically for the internment. Eventually nearly sixty U-boats were brought in to "Ferret IV". After a period of study and other trials, many were sunk off Lisahally and Loch Ryan during late 1945 and 1946 in Operation Deadlight. After this had been completed, "Ferret IV" was paid off to care and maintenance on 19 July 1946.

Postwar

Eventually over twenty thousand allied troops and sailors had passed through "Ferret", and the base had been home to over two hundred ships of the Royal Navy, US Navy and the Royal Canadian Navy, as well as ships from the Free French and Free Dutch naval forces and some ships of the Royal Indian Marine. There was a debate over the future of the base, but the Admiralty decided to retain the property but to convert it into a proper school for anti-submarine warfare training. There had been plans to commission the establishment under the name HMS "Phoenix", but this was changed in preference to HMS "Sea Eagle". "Ferret" was paid off on 21 July 1947, and HMS "Sea Eagle" commissioned that same day.

Assessment

Professor J. W. Blake, in his 1956 book "Northern Ireland and the Second World War" summarised the importance of the work of HMS "Ferret":

"Londonderry held the key to victory in the Atlantic. It became our most westerly base for the repair, the working up and refuelling of destroyers, corvettes and frigates. By that critical Spring (1943) when battle for the security of our Atlantic lifelines finally turned our way, Londonderry was the most important escort base in the north-western approaches."

References

*Warlow, Ben, "Shore Establishments of the Royal Navy", Liskeard : Maritime, 2000. ISBN 9780907771739
*Blake, J.W. "Northern Ireland and the Second World War" Blackstaff House, Belfast, 1956 ISBN 0856406783
* [http://www.ilex-urc.com/index.cfm/do/EbringtonHistory A history of Ebrington Barracks]
* [http://www.shantallow.org/History/derry.htm History of Ferret in N. Ireland]
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZhAXt8bPF8MC&pg=PA220&lpg=PA220&dq=HMS+Ferret+Londonderry&source=web&ots=lc1dF7PFgv&sig=C6qAJjRkDIu4apqTI4QDloebp3k&hl=en#PPA220,M1 "The Geopolitics of Anglo-Irish Relations in the Twentieth Century", By Geoffrey R. Sloan (Google Books)]