Shizunai River

Geobox|River
name = Shizunai River
native_name = Shizunai-gawa
other_name = 静内川
category = River
etymology = Ainu language:
"Shiputnai" — A marsh at the origin of the Ainu or
"Shuttonai" — A marsh with lots of grapes or
"Shutnai" — A river at the foot of a mountain.
nickname =


image_caption = Takami Dam (November 2006)
country = Japan
state = Hokkaidō
region = Hidaka Subprefecture
district = Hidaka District
municipality = Shinhidaka
parent =
tributary_left =nihongo|Hidaka Mena River|日高目名川|Hidaka Mena-gawa
tributary_right =Perari River
tributary_left1 =nihongo|Mount Sumi River|炭山|Sumi-yama-kawa
tributary_left2 =Shunbetsu River
tributary_right1 =Poyoppusawa River
tributary_right2 =Pisenaisawa River
tributary_left3 =Penkeonikemushi River
tributary_left4 =Ponpanbetsu Creek
tributary_left5 =Penkebetsusawa River
tributary_left6 =Porokaunnai River
tributary_right3 =Ibetsusawa River
tributary_right4 =Abeunnai River
city =
landmark =
source =
source_location = | source_region = | source_country =
source_elevation =
source_lat_d = | source_lat_m = | source_lat_s = | source_lat_NS =
source_long_d = | source_long_m = | source_long_s = | source_long_EW =
source1 =
source1_location = | source1_region = | source1_country =
source1_elevation =
source1_lat_d = | source1_lat_m = | source1_lat_s = | source1_lat_NS =
source1_long_d = | source1_long_m = | source1_long_s = | source1_long_EW =
source_confluence = Koikakushushibichari River and Koibokushushibichari River
source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_region = | source_confluence_country =
source_confluence_elevation = 300
source_confluence_lat_d = 42| source_confluence_lat_m = 28| source_confluence_lat_s = 22| source_confluence_lat_NS = N
source_confluence_long_d = 142| source_confluence_long_m = 45| source_confluence_long_s = 05| source_confluence_long_EW = E
mouth = Pacific Ocean
mouth_location = | mouth_region = | mouth_country =
mouth_elevation = 0
mouth_lat_d = 42| mouth_lat_m = 19| mouth_lat_s = 47| mouth_lat_NS = N
mouth_long_d = 142| mouth_long_m = 22| mouth_long_s = 05| mouth_long_EW = E
length = 69.9
width =
depth =
volume =
watershed = 683.4
discharge =
discharge_max =
discharge_min =
free = | free_type =


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website =
footnotes =

nihongo|Shizunai River|静内川|Shizunai-gawa is a river in Shinhidaka, Hokkaidō, Japan. The Shizunai River drains from the Hidaka Mountains into the Pacific Ocean.

Origin of the name

The Shizunai River was known as Shibuchari [Walker, The Conquest of Ainu Lands, pgs 18-19 ] and Shibechari. This name was derived from "Shipe-ichan" meaining "a salmon spawning place" in Ainu. [http://nippon-kichi.jp/article_list.do?p=4052&ml_lang=en Nippon-Kichi] , 静内川　Shizunai-gawa　The Shizunai River, last access 26 May 2008] .

The name Shizunai is derived from the Ainu language and has three possible sources: [nihongo|Akagi Sanpei|赤木 三兵, nihongo|Journey of Hokkaidō Place Names—Notes on Ainu Language Place Names|北海道 地名の旅—アイヌ語地名解 |Hokkaidō Chimei no Tabi — Ainugo Chimei Kai]

* "Shiputnai" — A marsh at the origin of the Ainu.
* "Shuttonai" — A marsh with lots of grapes.
* "Shutnai" — A river at the foot of a mountain.

Course

The Shizunai River flows generally southwest from its headwaters in the Hidaka mountains at the confluence of the Koikakushushibichari and Koibokushushibichari rivers. It flows into nihongo|Lake Takami|高見湖|Takami-ko, a reservoir created by the Takami Dam. Past the dam, the Shizunai river flows into nihongo|Shizunai Flood Control Reservoir|静内調整池|Shizunai Chōseichi. Past the Shizunai Dam, the river encounters Futa Dam before leaving the mountains for the flood plain. The river flows past the outlying communities of Shizunai before entering the Pacific Ocean just northwest of Shizunai harbor.

Natural history

The Shizunai River was designated as a wildlife protection area in 1965. Whooper Swans overwinter on the Shizunai River.

History

The Shizunai River basin was the home of Shakushain the Ainu leader who lead a revolt against the Japanese especially the Matsumae clan in the 1660s. In the Edo period the region was used for gold mining.

Lists

List of bridges and dams

From river mouth to source:
*nihongo|Shizunai Bridge|静内橋|Shizunai-hashi
*nihongo|Rubeshibe Bridge|碧蘂 橋|Rubeshibe-hashi
*nihongo|Misono Bridge|御園橋|Misono-bashi
*nihongo|Futa Dam|双ダム|Futa-damu
*nihongo|Shizunai Dam|静内ダム|Shizunai-damu
*nihongo|Menashi River Bridge|目梨別橋|Menashi-besu-hashi
*nihongo|Takami Dam|高見ダム|Takami-damu
*nihongo|Takami Bridge|高見橋|Takmi-hashi
*nihongo|?? River Bridge|威別橋|??-betsu-hashi

List of (named) tributaries

From river mouth to source:
# Left — nihongo|Hidaka Mena River|日高目名川|Hidaka Mena-gawa
# Right — Perari River
# Left — nihongo|Mount Sumi River|炭山|Sumi-yama-kawa "charcoal or coal mountain river"
# Left — Shunbetsu River
# Right — Poyoppusawa River
# Right — Pisenaisawa River
# Left — Penkeonikemushi River
# Left — Ponpanbetsu Creek
# Left — Penkebetsusawa River
# Left — Porokaunnai River
# Right — Ibetsusawa River
# Right — Abeunnai River
# Confluence Left — Koibokushuchchari, Right — Koikakushuppichari

References

* Brett L. Walker, The Conquest of Ainu Lands, University of California Press, Berkely, 2001, ISBN 0520248341
*, nihongo|Journey of Hokkaidō Place Names—Notes on Ainu Language Place Names|北海道 地名の旅—アイヌ語地名解 |Hokkaidō Chimei no Tabi — Ainugo Chimei Kai, nihongo|Sanon Cultural Publication|山音文学公刊 |Sanon Bungaku Kōkan, No year of publication.
* [http://nippon-kichi.jp/article_list.do?p=4052&ml_lang=en Nippon-Kichi] , 静内川　Shizunai-gawa　The Shizunai River, 12 July 2007, last access 26 May 2008