Carlo Emanuele Muzzarelli

Carlo Emanuele dei conti Muzzarelli (Ferrara 19 April 1797 ["Atti e rendiconti" Rome: Accademia dei Lincei 1906] — Turin 1856), archbishop, was a member of the Roman Catholic curia under Pope Pius IX, who had the reputation of a liberal as well as a man of letters. [ [http://www.olivierilillo.it/silvestro/muzzarelli.htm Alberto Silvestro, "Carlo Emanuele Muzzarelli in viaggio nel Piceno"] , a stately visit to Piceno in 1842, where Muzzarelli was welcomed as "ornamento del sacro prelatizio collegio... poeta illustre epigrafo elegante filologo esimio della studiosa gioventù amico confortatore e aiuto."]

He was born of the Bolognese family of the conti Muzzarelli. He began a quai-honorary military career in the papal service, as a sub-lieutenant of the pontiff's noble Roman guard. His literary abilities recommended him for places in the Papal curia: he was appointed Auditor of the Rota. Pope Pius IX named him to his High Council, charged with the ministry of Public Instruction, in charge of issuring licenses for publication in the Papal States, [In this matter a formal letter of thanks from Giacomo Leopardi is prerserved ( [http://www.bibliotecaitaliana.it/exist/bibit/ Biblioteca Italiana: 18 December 1825] ] and then presiding minister. Muzzarelli's a distinguished career in the curia and as a member of the Accademia dei Lincei at Rome and corresponding member of numerous academies [His academic pseudonym of the Accademia dell'Arcadia, Rome, was Dalindo Efesio (Rhe Academy's "Adunanza generale", 1828:19, noted at [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accademia_dell'Arcadia Accademia_dell'Arcadia] ] was overtaken by revolutionary events of the Risorgimento. At the time of the uprising that created a Roman Republic, following the assassination of Pellegrino Rossi Muzzarelli was appointed First Minister (16 November 1848) last in a rapid succession of First Ministers that tumultuous year; [ [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Italy_states2.htm Italian States to 1860] office-holders] when Pius left for Gaeta, 24 November 1848, he left a government in the hands of Muzzarelli, as "Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri". Muzzarelli found himself stigmatised as a "revolutionary" by those clerics and patricians who left Rome to join the Pope in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.At the formation of a new government in a Repubblica Romana, following an election in which the pope from his Borbon exile had proclaimed the act of voting an act of sacrilege, Muzzarelli was requested to retain his position.

When French forces retook Rome in the name of the Pope at the end of that June, Muzzarelli, as a "Costituente" [ [http://www.dizionariorosi.it/intro.php?id=14 Rosi, "Dizionario del Risorgimento Nazionale", "Introduzione"] ] was obliged to withdraw, at first to Tuscany, then to Corsica, and finally to Genoa, where blindness interrupted his writings in verse as well as prose, and his compilation of biographical notices of literary figures, which he never succeeded in bringing to fruition [E. Treves, G. Strafforello, "Dizionario universale di geografia, storia e biografia", (Milan 1882), vol. II, noted by Silvestro.]

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