King Malietoa Moli

Infobox_Monarch
name = Malietoa Moli
title = King (Malietoa) of Samoa


reign = 1858 - 1860
coronation =
predecessor = Malietoa Natuitasina Taimalelagi
successor = Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe'a
suc-type =
heir =
consort = Fa'alaitaua Fuatino Su'apa'ia
issue =
royal house =
royal anthem =
father =Malietoa Vaiinupo Tavita
mother = Aunofo Siuli Atuilagi
date of birth = circa 1790
place of birth = Sapapali'i, Savaii, Samoa
date of death = 1860
place of death = Samoa
buried = Malie, 'Upolu, Samoa

Malietoa Mōli [Semoanaifea] (“Lamp Oil” or “Illumination”) was a Samoan king who died in 1860.

Titular succession

Some speculate that both Mōlī and Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe'a were both declared Malietoa following Taimalelagi’s death; however, the published accounts indicate that Mōlī, as Malietoa Vaiinupō’s eldest son, succeeded Taimalelagi as Malietoa. Mōlī married Fa‘alaitaua [Faaala] , the daughter of Su‘apa‘ia from Sālelavalu, Savaii who also seems to have held the "sa‘o‘aualuma" title of Fuatino (Kramer I:320). This wife bore a son named Laupepa who later became Malietoa. Mōlī also seems to have fathered a son named Mōlī [or Moti] as well as a son named Faleono who is claimed to have been Mōlī’s eldest. Malietoa Mōlī was installed as Malietoa in 1858 or 1859 and probably received the Gato‘aitele and Tamasoāli‘i titles at that time. He had previously been named Tuiātua in 1841 and he held this distinction until his death (Tuimaleali‘ifano 99). Unlike his uncle Taimalelagi and half-brother Talavou, Mōlī was a steadfast devotee of the London Missionary Society and consequently enjoyed the support of the increasingly-powerful church.

Tenure as Malietoa and King of Samoa

Mōlī’s short term as titleholder “was notable for his humiliation by foreign consuls” (Meleiseā 1987:32) and Robert Louis Stevenson recounts several examples of the dishonor and embarrassment suffered at the hands of western politicians. He was “seized on several occasions by captains of warships of various nations as a hostage to secure the capture of Samoans who had offended European settlers” (Meleiseā 1987a:76). The most famous of these incidents involved a highborn man from Sāgone, Savai‘i who in 1856 had murdered a European named William Fox in Sāla‘ilua, Savai‘i. Samoan justice was served when Sāla’ilua reciprocally took the life of a Sāgone noble, but “this was no settlement in European eyes” and a British gunship pummeled the Sāgone coast with cannon fire. Mōlī was later punished with fines and “forced to assent to the execution” of the perpetrator (Meleiseā 1897b:32). The judicial settlement of this incident took place in September 1858 (Morrell 1960:211) while Taimalelagi lay dying and the bulk of administrative duties were already vested in Mōlī.

Death and titular transfer

When Mōlī’s own passing became inevitable, two contenders emerged as legitimate heirs to the Malietoa title, Mōlī’s younger brother Talavou (the Tupu o Sālafai) and Mōlī’s own son, Malietoa Laupepa. Malietoa Mōlī – the Tuiātua, Gato‘aitele and Tamasoāli‘i – died in 1860 and was buried in a grand tomb at Malie after holding the Malietoa title for less than two years. Mōlī’s descendants, including the current Head of State, form the modern Sā Mōlī branch of the Sā Malietoa descent line.