Phantom Ranch

Phantom Ranch is a resort village within Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona. It is located at coord|36|06|18|N|112|05|40|W| on the north side of the Colorado River near its confluence with Bright Angel Creek and Phantom Creek. Phantom Ranch is on the US National Register of Historic Places.

History

The site where the resort is now located was used by Native Americans; pit houses and a ceremonial kiva dating from about 1050 AD have been found there. The earliest recorded visit by Europeans took place in 1869, when John Wesley Powell and his company camped at its beach. Prospectors began using the area in the 1890s, using burros to haul their ore. At the turn of the century, the founders of the Grand Canyon Transportation Company began a project to exploit its tourism potential; they hired a crew to improve the trail from Phantom Ranch to the Canyon's North Rim. President Theodore Roosevelt travelled down the canyon to the camp during a hunting expedition in 1913; in honor of this visit, the site became known as Roosevelt Camp.

Roosevelt's enthusiam for the Grand Canyon helped lead to its incorporation into the National Park System in 1919. The Fred Harvey Company was granted the concession for the camp in 1922; the company hired the American architect Mary Colter to design permanent lodging. Mary Colter suggested that its name be changed to Phantom Ranch. Construction presented a major challenge: all the building materials except rock had to be hauled down by mules. Meeting the challenges at this and other national parks led to the architectural style known as National Park Service Rustic, which features native stone, rough-hewn wood, large-scale design elements, and intensive use of hand labor.

During the Great Depression in the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps made a number of improvements to the ranch and its access trails. The 1920s and 1930s saw its popularity grow, and it was visited by many wealthy and notable guests. The Fred Harvey company made it a point to hire young, attractive, well-educated, and adventurous women to staff the resort.

As the Grand Canyon's popularity grew, so did Phantom Ranch's; during the weekend of Easter in 1964, about 1,000 people appeared with the intention of spending the night there. The National Park Service then instituted a permit system for overnight stays at the ranch.

Phantom Ranch in the 21st century

The ranch continues to be one of the most popular destinations in the national park system; its accommodations are often sold out for two years in advance. To hikers and rafters, it is an oasis of cool water, greenery, and comfort.

The site now includes cabins, two male and two female dormitories, a restaurant (serving only people who book meals ahead of time), a mule corral, emergency medical facilities, a ranger station, the Bright Angel Campground, a beach that is frequently visited by Colorado River rafters, and a heliport. Cottonwood trees line the creeks and shade the buildings. The only modes of access to the ranch are foot trails (also used by mules), the Colorado River, and helicopter. The two trail bridges near the ranch are the only Colorado River crossings within a 200-mile distance.

Phantom Ranch also holds the distinction of being the one of the only places left in America whose mail is still delivered by mulecite_web|url=http://www.proriver.com/faq.htm|accessed=2007-02-05|title=FAQ on Grand Canyon and PRO] , the other being Havasu Fallscite_web|url=http://www.usps.com/history/his2_75.htm|access=2008-02-05|title=History of the U.S. Postal Service: Mule Mail] .

Geography

Phantom Ranch's elevation is 2,400 feet; that is about 4,600 feet lower than the South Rim and about 5,800 feet lower than the North Rim. The average daily high and low temperatures in Fahrenheit are 106/78 during July, and 56/36 in January. This represents a wide differential from temperatures at the top of the Grand Canyon; at the South Rim, the average daily high and low temperatures are 84/54 in July, and 41/18 in January. The South Rim averages 58” of snow, and Phantom Ranch less than 1”. The riparian zone at the ranch is subject to invasion by non-native species such as tamarix, and volunteers are at times invited to help maintain the original biome by removing them..

References

* [http://www.nps.gov/grca/ Grand Canyon official website]
* [http://www.kaibab.org/tr961/gc9615.htm History of Phantom Ranch]
* [http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/rusticarch/introduction.htm National Park Service Rustic Architecture]
* [http://www.grandcanyontreks.org/preciptemps.htm Temperatures at the Grand Canyon]

External links

* [http://www.xanterra.com Phantom Ranch concessions]
* [http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PR2005_1st/Mar05_FredHarvey.html The history of the Fred Harvey Hotels]
* [http://www.topozone.com/map.asp?lat=36.105&lon=-112.09444&datum=nad27&u=4&layer=DRG&size=l&s=50 Topographic map of Phantom Ranch]