Viktor Léon

Viktor Léon (born 4 January 1858, Vienna – died 3 February 1940, Vienna) was a well-known Austrian librettist. He collaborated with Leo Stein to produce the libretto of Franz Lehár's romantic operetta "The Merry Widow" ("Die lustige Witwe").

He was born Viktor Hirschfeld in Vienna on 4 January 1858. He began a career as a journalist, and then branched out in the theatre under the pseudonym that was to become familiar - Viktor Léon. [cite web|url=http://www.josef-weinberger.co.uk/mw/librettists.html|first=Andrew|last=Lamb|title=The Librettists of The Merry Widow|accessdate=2008-05-20] Between 1880 and 1884 he wrote one-act libretti for Vienna's Ronacher variety theatre, the Carl-Schultze Theatre in Hamburg, and the German Theatre in Pest, collaborating with composers such as Max von Weinzierl, Rudolf Raimann and Alfred Zamara. Then came a three-act collaboration with Zamara, "Der Doppelgänger", produced at the Theater am Gärtnerplatz in Munich in September 1886.

He then wrote a libretto for Johann Strauss. Alas, "Simplicius", a story of the Thirty Years War, produced at the Theater an der Wien on 17 December 1887, was scarcely a success, even after being revised twice. There followed a string of further creations with composers such as Zamara, Josef Hellmesberger, Alfons Czibulka, Rudolf Dellinger, and even Franz von Suppé (his last work, "Das Modell"), as well as German adaptations of foreign works that included Arthur Sullivan's "The Yeomen of the Guard" and Edward Jakobowski's "Erminie".

Not until 1898 was Léon associated with a lasting success, when he collaborated with Heinrich von Waldberg and composer Richard Heuberger on "Der Opernball" ('The Opera Ball'), produced at the Theater an der Wien that January. Léon's profile was thereby significantly raised, and a string of further works in 1898 and 1899 included another enduring success in "Wiener Blut" ('Vienna Blood'), which Adolf Müller junior compiled for Vienna's Carltheater from published dance music by the ailing Waltz King, Johann Strauss. This was the first collaboration of the successful partnership of Léon and Leo Stein. Léon also had success with Leo Fall's "Die geschiedene Frau" which opened at the Carltheater in Vienna on 23 December 1908.

On some of his later works, Victor Léon collaborated with his younger brother Leo, who wrote under the name of 'Leo Feld'. Léon was also director of many of his operettas, and in 1910 his daughter Lizzi married the Theater an der Wien's leading man Hubert Marischka. It was Lizzi who suggested the Chinese setting for "Die gelbe Jacke", later revised as "Das Land des Lächelns". Alas, Lizzi never saw her idea reach the stage, for she died tragically at the age of thirty after giving birth to a son in 1918. Léon dedicated the book of "Die gelbe Jacke" to her memory. Léon himself long survived not only his daughter, but also his younger brother and his most celebrated literary collaborator. His last stage credit was for the revision of Lehár's "Das Fürstenkind" as "Der Fürst der Berge" in 1932.

Léon remained active well into the 20th century, providing the libretto for Lehár's "Das Land des Lächelns" (1930), among other works. [cite web |url = http://www.musicals101.com/who28.htm | first=John|Last=Kenrick|title=Who's Who in Musicals|year=2003|accessdate=2008-05-20] Although not successful himself, his career brought him in contact with the biggest stars of Viennese opera during his time. [cite web |publisher=Houghton Library, Harvard College Library|url =http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~hou01714|title=Victor Leon photograph collection: Guide|accessdate=2008-05-20]

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