Firth of Forth

The Firth of Forth (Scottish Gaelic: "Linne Foirthe") is the estuary or firth of Scotland's River Forth, where it flows into the North Sea between Fife to the north, and West Lothian, the City of Edinburgh, and East Lothian to the south.

Geography and economy

Geologically, the Firth of Forth is also a fjord, formed by the Forth Glacier in the last glacial period of Britain.

The river is tidal as far inland as Stirling, but generally it is considered that the inland extent of the firth ends at the Kincardine Bridge.

There are a number of towns which line the shores, as well as the petrochemical complexes at Grangemouth, the commercial docks at Leith, oilrig construction yards at Methil, the ship-breaking facility at Inverkeithing and the naval dockyard at Rosyth, with numerous other industrial areas including the Forth Bridgehead area, Burntisland, Kirkcaldy, Bo'ness and Leven.

The Kincardine Bridge and the famous Forth Road Bridge and Forth Bridge carry traffic across the Firth. A third crossing, the Upper Forth Crossing, to be located next to the Kincardine Bridge is under construction and is expected to open in 2008. On 1 October 2008 it was announced that the new bridge would be called the "Clackmannanshire Bridge". [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/7646508.stm BBC news report, 1 October 2008] ]

In July 2007, a hovercraft passenger service completed a two week trial between Portobello, Edinburgh and Kirkcaldy, Fife. The trial of the service (marketed as "Forthfast") was hailed as a major operational success, with an average passenger load of 85%. If a permanent service comes into operation, it could cut congestion for commuters on the Forth road and rail bridges by carrying about 470,000 passengers a year.

The inner Firth, i.e. between the Kincardine and Forth bridges, has lost about half of its former intertidal area as a result of land being reclaimed, partly for agriculture, but mainly for industry and the large ash lagoons built to deposit the spoil from the coal fired Longannet Power Station near Kincardine.

The Firth is important for nature conservation and a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The Firth of Forth Islands SPA (Special Protection Area) is host to over 90,000 breeding seabirds every year. There is a bird observatory on the Isle of May.

In 2008, a controversial bid to allow oil transfer between ships in the firth was refused by Forth Ports. A company named SPT Marine Services had asked permission to transfer 7.8 million tonnes of crude oil per year between tankers. The proposals had met with determined opposition from conservation groups. [cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/7221917.stm|title=Forth oil transfer plan ruled out|date=2008-02-01|accessdate=2008-02-01|publisher=BBC News Online]

Firth of Forth islands

*Bass Rock
*Craigleith
*Cramond
*Eyebroughy
*Fidra
*Inchcolm
*Inchgarvie
*Inchkeith
*Inchmickery with Cow and Calf
*The Lamb
*Isle of May

ettlements on the shoreline

*North Shore
**Aberdour, Anstruther
**Buckhaven, Burntisland
**Cellardyke, Crail
**Culross
**Dalgety Bay, Dysart
**Earlsferry, East Wemyss, Elie
**Inverkeithing
**Kincardine, Kinghorn, Kirkcaldy
**Leven, Lower Largo
**Methil
**North Queensferry
**Pittenweem
**Rosyth
**St Monans

*South Shore
**Aberlady, Athelstaneford
**Blackness, Bo'ness
**Cockenzie, Cramond
**Dirleton, Dunbar, Dunglass
**Edinburgh
**Fisherrow
**Grangemouth, Granton, Gullane
**Inveresk
**Leith, Longniddry
**Musselburgh
**North Berwick
**Port Edgar, Portobello, Port Seton
**Prestonpans
**South Queensferry
**Whitekirk

Places of interest

*Aberlady Bay, Archerfield Links
*Barns Ness Lighthouse, Belhaven, Berwick Law, Blackness Castle
*Cockenzie Power Station, Culross
*Dalmeny House, Dirleton Castle
*Fa'side Castle
*Gullane Bents
*Hopetoun House, Hopetoun Monument
*John Muir Country Park, John Muir Way
*Longniddry Bents
*Musselburgh Racecourse
*North Berwick Golf Club
*Prestongrange Industrial Heritage Museum, Preston Tower
*Ravenscraig Castle
*Scottish Fisheries Museum, Scottish Seabird Centre
*Seton Sands
*St. Filan's Cave
*St. Monans Windmill
*Tantallon Castle, Torness Nuclear Power Station
*Waterston House

*John Muir Way
*Yellowcraigs

References in pop culture

*Progressive rock band Genesis wrote a song entitled "Firth of Fifth", a play on "Firth of Forth". It appears on "Selling England by the Pound".
*German dance group Scooter released a song entitled "Firth Of Forth" as the b-side to their 2000 single "I'm Your Pusher".
*Nerdcore hip hop rapper MC Frontalot references the Firth of Forth in the lyrics of his bridge analysis song "Floating Bridge".

References

External links

* [http://www.birdobscouncil.org.uk/IsleofMay/body_isleofmay.htm Isle of May bird observatory]
* [http://www.stagecoachbus.com/fife/forthfast.html "Forthfast" experimental hovercraft service, 16-28 July 2007]
* [http://www.virtualplaces.co.uk Inchcolm Virtual Tour] Take a virtual tour around some of the Inchcolm's military defences