Generational list of programming languages

Generational list of programming languages

Here, a genealogy of programming languages is shown. Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Of course, any such categorization has a large arbitrary element, since programming languages often incorporate major ideas from multiple sources.

ALGOL based

*ALGOL (also under FORTRAN)
**Atlas Autocode
**ALGOL 60
***Simula (see also Simula based languages)
**ALGOL 68
**Burroughs Extended ALGOL
**ALGOL W
***Pascal
****Ada
*****SPARK
****Turbo Pascal
*****Object Pascal (Delphi)
******Free Pascal (FPC)
******Kylix (same as Delphi, but for Linux)
****Euclid
*****Concurrent Euclid
*****Turing
******Turing Plus
******Object Oriented Turing
****Modula-2
*****Modula-3
*****Oberon (Oberon-1)
******Oberon-2
*******Component Pascal
*****Objective Modula-2 (also under Objective-C and Smalltalk)
**CPL
***BCPL
****B
****C
*****Python
*****tcsh (also under sh)
*****Alef
******Limbo
*****Coyote
*****C++
******Java
*******Groovy
*******Join Java
*******J#
*******Processing
*******X10
******C#
*******Windows PowerShell (also under DCL, ksh and Perl)
*****C--
*****D
*****ColdFusion
*****eC (Ecere C)
*****LPC
******Pike
*****Objective-C (also under Smalltalk)
******Objective Modula-2 (also under Modula-2 and Smalltalk)
*****PCASTL (also under Lisp)
*****Perl
******Windows PowerShell (also under C#, DCL and ksh)
******S2
******PHP
******PDL (also under APL)
*****QuakeC
****MCPL

APL based

*APL
**A+
**Glee
**J (also under FL)
**K (also under LISP)
**NESL
**PDL (also under Perl)

BASIC based

*BASIC (also under FORTRAN II)
**Amiga Basic
**AMOS BASIC
**BASIC Stamp
**BASIC09
**Basic4GL
**BlitzBasic
***Blitz3D
***BlitzMax
***BlitzPlus
**Business Basic
**Caché Basic
**COMAL
**DarkBASIC
**Euphoria
**GWBasic
**PlayBASIC
**PowerBASIC
**Quickbasic
***QBasic
****Liberty BASIC
*****Just BASIC
*****Run BASIC
**RealBasic
**thinBasic
**TI-BASIC
**TrueBASIC
**Visual Basic
***VBScript
***Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)
***Visual Basic .NET
**YaBasic

COBOL based

*COBOL
**DIBOL
** [http://csgwww.uwaterloo.ca/sdtp/watbol.html WATBOL]

Batch languages

*MS-DOS Batch files
**Winbatch
*CLIST
*IBM Job Control Language (JCL)

COMIT based

*COMIT
**SNOBOL
***Icon
****Unicon
****Lua

DCL based

*DCL
**Windows PowerShell (also under C#, ksh and Perl)

FP based

*FP (Function Programming)
**FL (Function Level)
***J (also under APL)

Forth based

*FORTH
**InterPress
***PostScript
**Joy
***Factor
***Cat
**RPL (also under Lisp)

Fortran based

*Fortran
**FORTRAN II
***BASIC (see also BASIC based languages)
**FORTRAN IV
***PORTRAN
**FORTRAN 66
**FORTRAN 77
**Fortran 90
**Fortran 95
***F
**Fortran 2003
**Ratfor
** [http://csgwww.uwaterloo.ca/sdtp/watfor.html WATFOR]
**WATFIV
**FORMAC
**ALGOL (see also ALGOL based languages)

HyperTalk based

*HyperTalk
**AppleScript
**Revolution

JOSS based

*JOSS
**CAL
**TELCOMP
**FOCAL
**MUMPS
***Caché ObjectScript

Lisp based

*Lisp
**AutoLISP
**Common Lisp
**Emacs Lisp
**K (also under APL)
**Logo
**Nu programming language
**RPL (also under Forth)
**S
***R
****PCASTL (also under ALGOL)
**Scheme
***Guile
***Pico
***T

ASL Based

*SASL
**Kent Recursive Calculator
**Miranda
***Haskell

ML based

*ML
**Standard ML (SML)
***Alice
**Caml
***Objective Caml (OCaml)
***F#
**MCPL (also under BCPL)

PL based

*PL/1
**PL/M
***PL/M-86
**PL/C
**REXX
**SP/k

Prolog based

*Prolog
**PROLOG II, III, IV
**CLP(R), CLP(FD)
**Mercury
**Erlang

Today based

*Today
**BuildProfessional

h based

*Sh
**bash
**csh
**tcsh (also under C)
**zsh
**ksh
***Windows PowerShell (also under C#, DCL and Perl)

ed based

*ed
**sed
**awk
***perl (also under C)

ETL based

*SETL
**ABC
***Python
***Boo

Eiffel based

*Eiffel
**Sather
**Ubercode

imula based

*Simula (also under ALGOL 60)
**C++ (also under C)
**Smalltalk
***Objective-C (hybrid of C and Smalltalk)
***Objective Modula-2 (hybrid of Modula-2 and Smalltalk, following Objective-C blueprint)
***Ruby
***Self
****JavaScript (originally LiveScript)
*****ActionScript
*****JavaScript OSA
*****ECMAScript
******JScript
******Haxe
****NewtonScript
*****Io
****Slate
**BETA

Others

*Assembly
*CORAL
*Corn
*Curl
*LabVIEW
*Progress
*REFAL
*Seed7
*Tcl
*TECO
*TUTOR

External links

* [http://merd.sourceforge.net/pixel/language-study/diagram.html Diagram & history of programming languages]


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