Kostis Palamas

Kostis Palamas
Born	January 13, 1859(1859-01-13) Patras, Greece
Died	February 27, 1943(1943-02-27) (aged 84) Athens, Greece
Occupation	Poet
Nationality	Greek

Kostis Palamas (Greek: Κωστής Παλαμάς; 13 January [O.S. 8 January] 1859 — 27 February 1943^[1]) was a Greek poet who wrote the words to the Olympic Hymn. He was a central figure of the Greek literary generation of the 1880s and one of the cofounders of the so-called New Athenian School (or Palamian School, or Second Athenian School) along with Georgios Drosinis, Nikos Kampas, Ioanis Polemis.

Biography

Born in Patras, he received his primary and secondary education in Mesolonghi. In 1880s, he worked as a journalist. He published his first collection of verses, the "Songs of My Fatherland", in 1886. He held an administrative post at the University of Athens between 1897 and 1926, and died during the German occupation of Greece during World War II. His funeral was a major event of the Greek resistance: the funerary poem composed and recited by fellow poet Angelos Sikelianos roused the mourners and culminated in an angry demonstration of a 100,000 people against Nazi occupation.

Palamas wrote the lyrics to the Olympic Hymn, composed by Spyridon Samaras. It was first performed at the 1896 Summer Olympics, the first modern Olympic Games. The Hymn was then shelved as each host city from then until the 1960 Winter Olympics commissioned an original piece for its edition of the Games, but the version by Samaras and Palamas was declared the official Olympic Anthem in 1958 and has been performed at each edition of the Games since the 1960 Winter Olympics.

The old administration building of the University of Athens, in downtown Athens, where his work office was located, is now dedicated to him as the "Kosti Palamas Building" and houses the "Greek Theater Museum", as well as many temporary exhibitions.

Poetry

He has been informally called the "national" poet of Greece and was closely associated with the struggle to rid Modern Greece of the "purist" language and with political liberalism. He dominated literary life for 30 or more years and greatly influenced the entire political-intellectual climate of his time. Romain Rolland considered him the greatest poet of Europe and he was twice nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature but never received it. His most important poem,^[2] "The Twelve Lays of the Gypsy" (1907), is a poetical and philosophical journey. His "Gypsy" is a free-thinking, intellectual rebel, a Greek Gypsy in a post-classical, post-Byzantine Greek world, an explorer of work, love, art, country, history, religion and science, keenly aware of his roots and of the contradictions between his classical and Christian heritages.

Works

Collections of poems

• Songs of my Fatherland (1886)
• Hymn to Athena (1889)
• Eyes of my Soul (1892)
• Iambs and Anapaests (1897)
• The Grave (1898)
• The Greetings of the Sun-born (1900)
• Life Immobile(1904)
• Twelve Lays of the Gypsy (1907)
• The King's flute (1910)
• Yearnings of the Lagoon (1912)
• Satirical Exercises (1912)
• The City and Solitude (1912)
• Altars (1915)
• Extempora (1919)
• The 14 verses (1919)
• The 5 verses - The passionate secret whispers - The Wolves - Two flowers from afar (1925)
• Cowardly and Harsh verses (1928)
• The 3 Verse Cycle (1929)
• Passages and Greetings (1931)
• The Nights of Phemius (1935)
• Evening Fire (1944, posthumous edition by his son, Leander Palamas)

Prose

• Death of a Youth (novel, 1901)
• Novels (1920)

Theater

• The Thrice-noble (drama, 1903)

Critique-Essays

Palamas was one of the most respected literary critics of his day, and instrumental in the reappraisal of the works of Andreas Kalvos, Dionysios Solomos and the "Ionian School" of poetry, Kostas Krystallis et al.

Translations

• The King's Flute, tr. T. P. Stephanides, G. C. Katsimbalis (1982) [Greek and English texts]
• The King's Flute, tr. F. Will (1967)
• The Twelve Lays of the Gypsy, tr. G. Thomson (1969)
• The Twelve Words of the Gypsy, tr. T. P. Stephanides, G. C. Katsimbalis (1974; repr. 1975)

Notes

1. ^ Kostís Palamás -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia at www.britannica.com
2. ^ Palamas12.net

External links

• Works by Kostes Palamas at Project Gutenberg

Persondata
Name	Palamas, Kostis
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	13 January 1859
Place of birth	Patras, Greece
Date of death	27 February 1943
Place of death	Athens, Greece