Sudan Liberation Movement/Army

Sudan Liberation Movement/Army
Sudan Liberation Movement
Participant in Darfur conflict
Sudan Liberation Movement logo.gif
Active 2002–present
Leaders Minni Minnawi - SLM (Minnawi)
Abdul Wahid al Nur - SLM (al-Nur)
Area of
operations
Darfur
War in Darfur
Map of Darfur 2011.png
Timeline
International response
UNMIS / AMIS / UNAMID
ICC investigation
Combatants
SLM
JEM
LJM
Janjaweed
Other articles
History of Darfur
Bibliography
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The Sudan Liberation Movement/Army or (Arabic: حركة تحرير السودانḥarakat taḥrīr as-Sūdan) (abbreviated as either SLM or SLA) is a Sudanese rebel group. It was founded as the Darfur Liberation Front[1] by members of three indigenous ethnic groups in Darfur, the Fur, the Zaghawa and the Masalit[2] among whom were the leaders Abdul Wahid al Nur of the Fur and Minni Minnawi of the Zaghawa.[2]

Contents

Formation

General Omar al-Bashir, and the National Islamic Front headed by Dr. Hassan al-Turabi, overthrew the Sudanese government led by Ahmed al-Mirghani in 1989. A large section of the population in Darfur, particularly the non-Arab ethnicities in the region, became increasingly marginalized.[3][4] These feelings were crystallized by the publication in 2000 of The Black Book, that detailed the structural inequity in the Sudan, which denies non-Arabs equal justice and power sharing. In 2002 Abdul Wahid al Nur, a lawyer, Ahmad Abdel Shafi Bassey, an education student, and a third man founded the Darfur Liberation Front which subsequently evolved into the Sudan Liberation Movement, and claimed to represented all of the oppressed in the Sudan.[1]

Groups and factions

Main factions

In 2006 the Sudan Liberation Movement spilt into two main factions, divided on the issue of the Darfur Peace Agreement:

  • Sudan Liberation Movement (al-Nur) - this group was formed in 2006 and is led by Abdul Wahid al Nur. It has rejected the Darfur Peace Agreement. [7]

Other smaller splinter groups

  • Sudan Liberation Movement (Historic Leadership) - this group split from the al-Nur faction and is led by Osman Ibrahim Musa. It signed a peace agreement with the government of South Darfur in January 2011. [8]
  • Sudan Liberation Movement (General Command) - formed in November 2010 by former members of the SLM factions and the former members of the Justice and Equality Movement. It is led by Adam Ali Shogar. [9] [10]
  • Sudan Liberation Movement (Mainstream) - this group is led by Mohamed Al Zubeir Khamis. [11]

References

  1. ^ a b Flint, Julie and De Waal, Alexander (2008) Darfur: A New History of a Long War Zed Books, London, p. 90, ISBN 978-1-84277-949-1
  2. ^ a b BBC Staff (24 February 2009) "Who are Sudan's Darfur rebels?" BBC News
  3. ^ Flint, Julie and De Waal, Alexander (2008) Darfur: A New History of a Long War Zed Books, London, pp. 16-17, ISBN 978-1-84277-949-1
  4. ^ Jok, Jok Madut (2007) Sudán: Race, Religion and Violence Oneworld, Oxford, p. 4 ISBN 978-1-85168-366-6
  5. ^ "Darfur Peace Agreement Fact Sheet" Office of the Spokesman, U.S. Department of State, May 2006, from Internet Archives
  6. ^ http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/9223
  7. ^ Staff (December 2006) "No Dialogue, No Commitment: The Perils of Deadline Diplomacy for Darfur" Sudan Issue Brief Number 4, p. 3, Human Security Baseline Assessment, Small Arms Survey, Geneva, Switzerland, from Internet Archives
  8. ^ http://www.shrig.org.sd/news-archive/darfur-news/2657-peace-agreement-between-south-darfur-government-and-historic-leadership-of-sudan-liberation-movement-signed.html
  9. ^ http://www.islammemo.cc/akhbar/arab/2010/11/10/110852.html?lang=en-us
  10. ^ http://www.sudanvisiondaily.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=63317
  11. ^ http://www.shrig.org.sd/news-archive/darfur-news/2786-slm-main-stream-hosting-darfur-insurgents-in-south-an-animosity-act.html

External links



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