SS Talune

Three vessels have been named "Talune". This article refers to the first "SS Talune", built in 1890 and scuttled in 1925.

A second "SS Talune" was built in 1930 for the Union Steamship company of New Zealand, and sold in 1959 to Transporte de Minerales, Panama, who renamed it the ‘Amos’. [http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/unionnz.html Union Steam Ship Company ship list] ] A 30 foot motor launch named "Talune" was built in Hobart, Tasmania in 1914 and destroyed by fire at her moorings at Maria Island, Tasmania on 6 July 1929. [ [http://oceans1.customer.netspace.net.au/tas-wrecks.html Encyclopaedia of Australian Shipwrecks - Tasmanian shipwrecks] ] .

The first "SS Talune"

The first SS "Talune" was a passenger and freight steamship employed in the Tasman Sea and South Seas trades in the last decade of the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th. It was a typical ship of its time and type in every way. Its melancholy claim to fame is that it was the ship that brought the deadly 1918 Spanish flu pandemic from New Zealand to Samoa and other Pacific islands.

SS (steamship) "Talune" was built by Ramage & Ferguson, of Leith, Scotland, for the Tasmanian Steam Navigation Company of Hobart, Tasmania, entering service with the company in 1890. It was of 2,087 tons, about 230 feet long, coal fired, and powered by a triple-expansion steam engine. It had passenger accommodation for up to 175 people [ [http://www.nzmaritimeindex.org.nz/ixvessel.asp?refid=&name=&gsn=1057626&owner=&num=&typ=&tid=0&tix=0&pix=0&SourceID=&ID=80002064&hit=5 New Zealand Maritime Index] ] and a crew of around 56. [ [http://www.nzmaritimeindex.org.nz/ixvessel.asp?refid=&name=&gsn=1057626&owner=&num=&typ=&tid=0&tix=0&pix=0&SourceID=&ID=999930080&hit=2 New Zealand Maritime Index] ] Initially the Talune was employed on the Hobart-Sydney run for its parent company.

In 1891 the ship was taken over by the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand when it absorbed the Tasmanian company and its assets. [ [http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/unionnz.html Union Steam Ship Company ship list] ] The "Talune" worked thereafter between New Zealand and Australia, and later between New Zealand and the Pacific Islands.

Early service

No complete record of the "Talune’s" many voyages has been found, but the ship appears in a number of records from the time. In November 1891 the "Talune" took the British poet and writer Rudyard Kipling from Wellington to Bluff, and then on to Melbourne as part of a world tour. [ [http://www.johnradcliffe.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/textfiles/KJ148.txt ‘The Kipling Journal’, December 1963, Volume XXX, no. 148, pps 7 – 9] ] His opinion of the ship is not recorded. New Zealand poll tax records show that in May 1896 it brought one Ah Lun, a 34-year old Cantonese man to Wellington from Sydney. [ [http://www.ethnicaffairs.govt.nz/OEA/chptrecords.nsf/7486a3b5ca6f9134cc256bd7006e2238/4026d2de8eb3a63bcc256bf400185c9b!OpenDocument New Zealand Department of Ethnic Affairs Poll Tax records] ] In June 1897 it carried Carl Hertz from Bluff to Hobart. [ [http://www.mic.org.nz/11hist.html ‘The Big Picture’, Issue 11, Summer 1997, “The Illusionist and the Cinematographe – film pioneers of New Zealand”, Clive Sowry, Media and Interdisciplinary Arts Centre / Toi Rerehiko] ] Hertz was an American ‘Illusionist and Prestigidator’ who was the most successful early exhibitor to show motion pictures in New Zealand. In 1901 the "Talune" was the setting for a lethal poisoning reported in the Otago Witness in April of that year. [ [http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=OW19010403.2.105&e=-------en--1----0-all National Library ‘PapersPast’, Otago Witness, Issue 2455, 3 April 1901, Page 25 ] ]

In its early years the "Talune" was involved in two recorded salvage operations. In 1898 it rendered assistance to the SS Ruapehu, stranded on Farewell Spit. [ [http://www.nzmaritime.co.nz/waverly.htm New Zealand Maritime Record, ‘T. S. S. Waverly’] ] In 1899 the "Talune" fell in with the 5,500 ton ‘Perthshire’, which had gone missing on a voyage from Sydney to Wellington. For eight weeks the Perthshire had been drifting helplessly without power in the Tasman sea with a broken tailshaft. The "Talune" towed the larger ship back to Sydney. [ [http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/descriptions/ShipsP-Q.html The Ships List] ]

First World War service

The "Talune" saw service in the First World War as His Majesty’s New Zealand Transport 16 (HMNZT 16) [ [http://www.katikati.co.nz/kk_text/anzac_johnston_hf.html Katikati e-memorial for soldiers who left Katikati to serve in World War 1] ] transporting at least one contingent of troops to Western Samoa. At some time after 1916 the "Talune" reverted to civilian service and resumed its ordinary voyages.

tranding

"Talune's" only known stranding occurred on the 12th of March 1917, in the Egeria Channel, off NukuOkinaalofa. The "Talune "was carrying general cargo and 15 passengers, so by this time may have already reverted to civilian service after serving as a military transport. Four hundred pounds worth of damage was done to plates and frames. The Court of Enquiry found the "Talune" struck an uncharted pinnacle rock, and there is no record of the Master (J. Morrison) being censured. [ [http://www.nzmaritimeindex.org.nz/ixvessel.asp?refid=&name=&gsn=1057626&owner=&num=&typ=&tid=0&tix=0&pix=0&SourceID=&ID=999930080&hit=2 New Zealand Maritime Index] ]

Influenza in the Pacific

On November 7 1918 the "Talune" arrived at Apia in Western Samoa, on one of its regular Pacific voyages from Auckland, New Zealand, successively calling at ports in Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Nauru,cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/Publication:Semaphore_-_Issue_6%2C_2006 |title=The RAN and the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic |work=Semaphore |publisher=Sea Power Centre Australia |date=March 2006 |accessdate=2008-09-16] and then Fiji again before returning to Auckland.

At that time the Western Samoan islands were administered by New Zealand, which had seized them from Germany at the start of the First World War in 1914. The United States of America controlled the Eastern islands.

At the time of the Talune’s departure from Auckland pandemic influenza was spreading rapidly in New Zealand, with many fatalities. Before leaving Auckland two crewmen had reported sick and were sent ashore, but by the time Talune reached Suva in Fiji on the 4th of November several more crewmen had influenza.

As none of the local passengers were stricken, they were allowed ashore and the cargo unloaded while the ship remained in quarantine alongside the wharf, the Port Health officer having heard reports of the severe epidemic in New Zealand. As was the custom of the time, about 90 Fijian labourers were taken on board to work the cargo as the ship proceeded on its planned voyage. By the time the Talune reached Apia in Samoa on the 7th of November most of the Fijian labourers were ill (Rice, p200).

The ship’s quarantine at Suva was apparently not mentioned on arrival in Apia (Cliff et al, p137) and the acting Port Health officer at Apia was not aware of the epidemic in Auckland (Rice, p200). After what seems to have been a somewhat cursory examination the ship was granted pratique and passengers allowed to disembark. “ [The] "Talune's" captain told the medical officer, Doctor Atkinson, that nothing was serious, but that "'One old reverend told me he had been sick back in Auckland, but he seems fine now. Two Samoan kids, Tau and Faleolo, had headaches yesterday but are up and around again today.'" The doctor "questioned the pastor and two boys as they went by”, but no one complained of being ill. Two hours later the yellow flag was lowered. The "Talune" had a clean bill of health." [ [http://americansamoa.gov/Tapuitea/Tapuitea71114.pdf Tapuitea, American Samoa Government weekly newsletter, Vol II, No. 26, November 14, 2007, p.3] ]

By the 31st December at least 7,542 Samoan people had died from the virulent influenza, and deaths from influenza continued into 1919. A commission of enquiry calculated a final death toll of about 8,500, about 22% of the whole population of Western Samoa (Rice, p201). While the impact of the pandemic was undoubtedly amplified by the Samoan cultural response to illness, which requires the fono (family) to gather around a sick person, there is also no doubt that the New Zealand administrative response to the pandemic was at best inept. Much more could have been done to reduce the impact on the population, such as prohibiting travel within and between islands. [ [http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/dnzb/default.asp?Find_Quick.asp?PersonEssay=3L12 Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, ‘Robert Logan’] ]

The original decision to allow "Talune’s" passengers to land, and other events during New Zealand’s administration of Samoa, was the subject of an apology from the New Zealand Government delivered at a State luncheon in Apia in June 2002. [ [http://www.beehive.govt.nz/speech/state+luncheon+apia+Samoa Text of Apology] ]

The impact on Western Samoa was particularly poignant in view of the success of the American authorities in preventing pandemic influenza from gaining a foothold in islands under their administration, although these were only about 60km from the New Zealand administered islands.

Without orders from his government, but based on what he learned from a radio news service, the governor of American Samoa, Navy Commander John M. Poyer, instituted a rigorous quarantine policy. When he heard of the outbreak on Western Samoa, he banned travel to or from the neighbouring islands. Poyer persuaded the island's natives to mount a shore patrol to prevent illegal landings. People who disembarked from ships sailing from the American mainland were kept under house arrest for a specified period, or examined daily. Aspects of the quarantine continued into mid-1920, a year after Poyer departed to the sound of a 17-gun salute. There were no influenza deaths on American Samoa. [ [http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2003/vol7n30/KillerVirus-en.html Washington Post, June 4, 2003, quoted in the Puerto Rico Herald] ]

The "Talune" went on from Apia to Tonga (calling at Neiafu, Vava’u, Ha’Apai), and to Nuku’Alofa in Tongatapu, where it arrived on 12 November 1918. Within a few days of the Talune’s arrival the disease had spread with heavy loss of life; estimates vary between 1,800 and 2,000 died, or about 8% to 10% of the Tongan population. [ [http://www.pcf.org.nz/events/tonga_photo_gallery Pacific Cooperation Foundation, Tonga photo gallery] ] After Tongatapu the "Talune" sailed for Nauru, where once again the first cases of influenza appeared ashore within a few days of her departure.

Few if any voyages in history, whether in peace or war, have resulted in so many deaths in such a short time. The impact of the Talune’s deadly island voyage is still remembered today, and has influenced influenza pandemic planning into the 21st century.

Disposal

Nothing is known of "Talune’s" employment after its disastrous 1918 voyage until 1921, when Union Steamship Company records show it was laid up. [ [http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/unionnz.html Union Steam Ship Company ship list] ]

In 1925 the ship was hulked, and in November of that year was filled with rocks and scuttled to form the foundation of a breakwater at Waikokopu, a small port in northern Hawke Bay, on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. [ [http://oceans1.customer.netspace.net.au/nz-wrecks.html Encyclopaedia of Australian Shipwrecks - New Zealand shipwrecks] ]

Remains

The port of Waikokopu is no longer in use, and the wharf and breakwater have been reduced to rubble by Southerly swells. The foundations of breakwater where the last vestiges of the Talune lie can be seen on Google earth at coord|39|04|23.74|S|177|49|44.25|E|source:enwiki-plaintext-parser.

External links

References

*Cliff, A, Hagget P, Smallman-Raynor, M, ‘Island epidemics’, Oxford University Press, USA, 2000, ISBN 0-19-828895-6
*Rice, G, ‘Black November – the 1918 influenza pandemic in New Zealand’, 2nd edition, Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, New Zealand,2005, ISBN 1-877257-35-4