- Agustín Gamarra
Infobox Officeholder
name = Agustín Gamarra
nationality =Peru vian
order = 9thPresident of Peru
term_start =September 1 ,1829
term_end =December 30 ,1833
predecessor =Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente
successor =Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro
order2 = 11thPresident of Peru
term_start2 =August 25 ,1838
term_end2 =November 18 ,1841
predecessor2 =Andrés de Santa Cruz
successor2 =Manuel Menéndez
birth_date =August 27 ,1785
birth_place =Cusco ,Peru
death_date =November 18 ,1841
death_place =Ingavi ,Bolivia
spouse =Francisca Zubiaga y Bernales
profession =Soldier Agustín Gamarra Messia (
August 27 ,1785 inCusco ,Peru –November 18 ,1841 inIngavi ,Bolivia ) was a Peruvian soldier and politician, becoming twice President of Peru from 1829 to 1833 and from 1838 to 1841.Gamarra had a military life since childhood, battling against the royalist forces. He then joined the cause of Independence as second in command after
Andrés de Santa Cruz . He also participated in theBattle of Ayacucho , and was later named Chief of State. After the invasion ofBolivia in 1828, he was named a mariscal, a highly-esteemed military officer.After the defeat of
José de la Mar inGran Colombia , Gamarra urged his overthrow and assumed the presidency for a brief period afterAntonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente . The peace treaty with Gran Colombia was also signed during Gamarra's government.Presidency of Peru
First Presidency
The government of Gamarra followed contrary beliefs to those of José de la Mar. This coincided with a great Peruvian constitutionalist movement; Gamarra put aside the Constitution of 1828, which he opposed given the limitations that were established for the executive branch.
Gamarra finished, with great effort, his first constitutional government. He had a very active character which allowed him to leave
Lima to thwart rebellions in various parts of the country. During such expeditions he would leave the presidency toAntonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente , who manifested his authoritarian character and started to receive the enmity of other government officials based in Lima.Peru and Bolivia: one and indivisible?
Another idea that obsessed Gamarra was the annexation of
Bolivia . He shared this idea withAndrés de Santa Cruz . However, while Bolivia did not think of the creation of one single State, Gamarra believed in the return of the Bolivian territory to Peru, which had been separated byAntonio José de Sucre .econd Presidency and invasion of Bolivia
In 1835, when Orbegozo and Andrés Santa Cruz signed the treaty to establish the
Peru-Bolivian Confederacy , Gamarra deeply opposed it and participated in a campaign to defeat it with the help ofChile . This led to theBattle of Yungay and the overthrow of Santa Cruz. Gamarra was then officially named President by the Peruvian congress.During his second government, Gamarra confronted the challenge of pacifying the country in middle of various subversions while at the same time the beginning of a war against Bolivia. Gamarra was defeated and killed by Bolivian forces during the
Battle of Ingavi in 1841.References
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