- North of Scotland, Orkney & Shetland Steam Navigation Company
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North of Scotland, Orkney & Shetland Steam Navigation Co. Industry Transport Founded 1875 Headquarters Aberdeen, Scotland Products Ferries, cruises The North of Scotland, Orkney & Shetland Steam Navigation Company, which was more usually known as The North Company, its full name rarely being used, was a British shipping company based in Aberdeen, originally formed in 1875 from a merger of older Scottish shipping companies. The company operated most of the ferries from mainland Scotland to Orkney and Shetland, latterly as P&O Scottish Ferries until 2002, when it was replaced by NorthLink Ferries.
Contents
History
Early history
In 1790, the Leith & Clyde Shipping Company operated sailing vessels between the Forth and the Clyde, round the north of Scotland and possibly calling at Orkney.[1]
In 1820 this company joined with the Aberdeen, Dundee & Leith Shipping Company to form the Aberdeen, Leith, Clyde & Tay Shipping Company. A fleet of sailing vessels initially served towns, including Glasgow, Edinburgh, London, Rotterdam (until c.1843) and Liverpool (until 1830). The far flung routes ceased, and most effort was placed on the routes within Scotland. Their first steamer, Velocity (1821), was built to compete with the steamer Tourist which operated between Leith and Aberdeen. Services were extended to Wick (by 1833), Kirkwall and Lerwick (in 1836).[1]
In 1875 the Aberdeen, Leith & Clyde Shipping Co became the North of Scotland, Orkney & Shetland Steam Navigation Company. The new company further expanded the fleet and introduced Norwegian cruising in 1886.[1]
Norwegian cruises
In 1886 the Bergen and "some of the principal fjords and places of interest on the west coast of Norway". This was perhaps the first purposely planned cruise ship voyage and proved so popular with the public that the company quickly advertised a follow-up cruise which was also popular, leading to a further three cruises being arranged for the summer season.
The Company realised that its short duration and relatively affordable cruises were a profitable new venture and the directors quickly ordered a new purpose-built ship, the St. Sunniva, from Hall Russell of Aberdeen, to be delivered in time for the 1887 season. The St. Sunniva was the world's first purpose-built cruise ship and was a great success, so much so the St. Rognvald was obliged to carry out two cruises to accommodate the overflow of bookings.
A more ambitious cruise programme was arranged for 1888, involving the St. Rognvald carrying out a 21-day cruise to the North Cape followed by St. Sunniva to the Baltic. It was also decided to extend the cruising season with an around-Britain cruise. The St. Sunniva was also chartered for cruises in the Mediterranean during the winter.
The great commercial success of the North Company's cruises had meanwhile attracted the attentions of rival companies. Wilson Line of Hull began Norwegian cruises immediately after St. Rognvald's first voyage, but the St. Sunniva far outstripped Wilsons' vessels in quality. More seriously, the Orient Steam Navigation Company entered the market in summer 1889 using two of their large Australian Mail Service ships, Stronsay, Orkney while carrying out one of her usual winter ferry voyages. A new vessel was ordered to replace her, omitting cruise facilities altogether as the growing quality and quantity of competition in the cruise market was becoming too great for the North Company to survive.
In 1907 - 1908, the North Company reduced the St. Sunniva's cruises and finally withdrew entirely from the market at the end of August 1908.[citation needed] The St. Sunniva was converted into a ferry and began operation as a mail steamer. She operated a weekly service from Leith and Aberdeen to Lerwick, Shetland, with an additional Aberdeen service during the summer months.
Services continued until the outbreak of World War I, when Norwegian cruising was withdrawn. The fleet was updated throughout this period as well. The company suffered requisitions through both World Wars.[1]
Passenger services
In 1953 the North Company was reformed, and over the following 20 years, introduced ro-ro services to the North Isles, to satisfy demand for faster, shorter ferry routes, rather than the old mail boats.[1]
In 1961 the company was taken over by Coast Lines and in 1975 P&O and in 1975, renamed as P&O Ferries (Orkney & Shetland Services). In 1989 it became P&O Scottish Ferries and continued to operate until 2002, when the services were taken over by NorthLink Ferries.[1]
Ships
- edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f "P&O Scottish Ferries". Ships of the North. http://www.shipsofthenorth.co.uk/op_past_po.asp. Retrieved 2009-08-08.
- "North of Scotland, Orkney and Shetland Postcards". Simplon Postcards. http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/NorthCo.html. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
- "Aberdeen Built Ships". Aberdeen City Council. http://www.aberdeenships.com/. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
Categories:- Ferry companies of Scotland
- Companies established in 1875
- Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange
- Defunct companies of Scotland
- Companies disestablished in 1971
- Companies based in Aberdeen
- 1875 establishments in Scotland
- Companies disestablished in 2002
- edit] References
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