Yohannes I of Ethiopia

Yohannes I of Ethiopia

Yohannes I (Ge'ez ዮሐንስ "yōḥānnis", Amh. "yōhānnis", also sometimes called John I), throne name A'ilaf Sagad (Ge'ez አእላፍ ሰገድ "a'ilāf sagad", "to whom tens of thousands bow") was "IPA|nəgusä nägäst" (1667 - 1682) [James Bruce wrote that Yohannes ruled between 1665 - 1680, but this was proven to be in error by identifying an eclipse seen in Ethiopia during his reign with one calcuated to have occurred on 4 November 1668 (E.A. Wallis Budge, "A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia", 1928 [Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1970] , p. 408).] of Ethiopia, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the fourth son of Fasilides.

Yohannes was appointed "IPA|nəgusä nägäst" by a council of the senior dignitaries of the Empire, at the encouragement of the noble Blattengeta Malka Krestos. The council then imprisoned the other sons of Fasilides on Mount Wehni, continuing the practice Fasilides had revived.

Due to the violent religious controversy that Catholic missionaries had caused in Ethiopia under the reign of his grandfather Susenyos, he acted harshly towards Europeans. In 1669, he directed Gerazmach Mikael to expel all of the Catholics still living in Ethiopia; those who did not embrace the beliefs of the Ethiopian Church were exiled to Sennar. Six Franciscans sent by Pope Alexander VII to succeed in converting Ethiopia to Catholicism where the Jesuits had failed 30 years before, were executed during his reign.

As a result, he favored Armenian visitors, whose beliefs also embraced Miaphysitism, and were in harmony with the Ethiopian Church. These included one Murad, who undertook a number of diplomatic missions for the Emperor; and in 1679, the Emperor Yohannes received the Armenian bishop Yohannes, bearing a relic of Ewostatewos.

The growing controversy over the nature of Christ had grown severe enough that in the last year of his reign Yohannes called a synod to resolve the dispute. The Ewostathian monks of Gojjam advocated the formula "Through Unction Christ the Son was consubstantial with the Father", by which they came to be known as the "Qebat" ("Unction") faction, who were supported by the Emperor's own son Iyasu; they were opposed by the monks of Debre Libanos, who at that time still advocated traditional Miaphysitism. The outcome of the synod is in dispute: according to E.A. Wallis-Budge and Blund Wendell, Emperor Yohannes was convinced to condemn the "Qebat" doctrine, which led to Iyasu attempting to flee his father's realm; but according to Crummey, Yohannes favored the Gojjame delegation for political reasons: at the time Gojjam was an important province. These decisions were revisited once Iyasu became Emperor, at a synod he called in 1686. [Budge, pp.406f, 410f; H. Weld Blundell, "The Royal chronicle of Abyssinia, 1769-1840" (Cambridge: University Press, 1922, p. 525; Donald Crummey, "Priests and Politicians", 1972 (Hollywood: Tsehai, 2007), p. 22.]

References

Further reading

* Richard K. P. Pankhurst. "The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles". Addis Ababa: Oxford University Press, 1967.


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Yohannes II of Ethiopia — Yohannes II or John II (Ge ez ዮሓንስ) was IPA|nəgusä nägäst (7 May 18 October 1769) of Ethiopia, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the son of Iyasu I, and brother of Emperors Tekle Haymanot, Dawit III and Bakaffa.Following the murder of …   Wikipedia

  • Yohannes IV of Ethiopia — Infobox Monarch name =Yohannes (John) IV title =Emperor of Ethiopia caption =Emperor Yohannes IV with his son and heir, Ras Araya Selassie Yohannes reign =1872 01 12 – 1889 08 27 coronation = othertitles =Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah,… …   Wikipedia

  • Yohannes III of Ethiopia — Emperor Yohannes III (c.1824 c. 1873) was the last of the elder Gondar line of the Solomonic dynasty to reign over Ethiopia. He was the son of Tekle Giyorgis. He was largely a figurehead, with real power in the hands of the Enderase or Regent,… …   Wikipedia

  • Yohannes IV d'Éthiopie — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Yohannès. ዮሐንስ አራተኛ Yohannes IV Yohannes IV Negusse Negest d Éthiopie Règne …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Yohannes Haile-Selassie — (* 23. Februar 1961 in Adigrat, Äthiopien), ist ein äthiopischer Paläoanthropologe. Er wurde in Fachkreisen bekannt durch mehrere Funde von frühen Vormenschen, darunter das Typusexemplar der von ihm benannten Art Ardipithecus kadabba. Er… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Yohannes Haile-Selassie — (nacido en Adigrat, Ethiopia, el 23 de febrero de 1961) es un paleoantropólogo etíope. Considerado una autoridad sobre homínidos pre Homo sapiens, ha centrado sus investigaciones fundamentalmente en el Gran Valle del Rift y los valles del Awash… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Ethiopia — • Includes geography, history, and religion Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Ethiopia     Ethiopia     † …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Ethiopia — /ee thee oh pee euh/, n. 1. Formerly, Abyssinia. a republic in E Africa: formerly a monarchy. 58,732,577; 409,266 sq. mi. (1,060,000 sq. km). Present boundaries include Eritrea. Cap.: Addis Ababa. 2. Also called Abyssinia. an ancient region in NE …   Universalium

  • Yohannes IV — ▪ emperor of Ethiopia English  John IV , original name  Kassa  born 1831 died March 10, 1889, Metema, Sudan       emperor of Ethiopia (1872–89). Like his predecessor, Tewodros II (reigned 1855–68), Yohannes IV was a strong, progressive ruler, but …   Universalium

  • Ethiopia — This article is about the country. For other uses, see Ethiopia (disambiguation). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ ye Ītyōṗṗyā Fēdēralāwī Dīmōkrāsīyāwī Rīpeblīk …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”