- Burg Güssenburg
Berg Güssenburg (also Güssenberg) is a ruined castle on a hill near
Hermaringen in Heidenheim County inBaden-Württemberg ,Germany . It was built around 1346, during theHigh Middle Ages and much of thecurtain wall andkeep remain.Location
The ruin sits an elevation of about 500 m above sea level and about 50 m above the floor of the Brenz valley. The castle hill, known as the "Schloßberg", is very steep on the north, west and east sides which made it an ideal location for a fortification.
History
Berg Güssenburg was the ancestral seat of the House of Güssenberg (German: "von Güssenberg"), which was later known (around the 15/16th Century) as the "Güß von Güssenberg". The family was quite large and eventually ruled over many castles and communities in the region, including
Brenz an der Brenz ,Haunsheim andLeipheim . Because of the numerous branchs of the family the entire Güssenberg family was generally known under the name of "Güssen". The family ruled asMinisterialis or unfree knight in the service of another noble. Initially the Ministerialis ruled a fief for a noble, but could not inherit the fief. However, by the 13th Century the fiefs had become much more heritable. The Güssen served as ministerialis for theDiepoldinger and later the Hohenstaufen families.The first mention of the Güssen is from
May 1 and 7,1171 when "Diepold Gusse" is listed as a witness on two documents issued by Emperor Frederick I [http://www.burgenwelt.de/frameset.htm History of Berg Güssenburg from Bergenwelt.de (in German)] ] . "Heinrich von Güssenberg" is mentioned in1216 as a witness to the peace settlement between the monastery atEllwangen andKaisheim .In
1328 the fief went to the Counts of Helfenstein but the Güssen seem to have held the Güssenburg. Around1346 the keep was expanded and the curtain wall was built. About twenty years later, the "Güssen von Güssenburg" line died out and the castle was taken over by the "Güssen von Haunsheim" family. A few years later, in1372 the Haunsheim line sold the Güssenburg to the Count of Helfenstein. The Güssenburg was the administrative center of the Count's fief in the Brenz valley.The count'svogt orbailiff was located at the Güssenburg until1448 . The central location of the castle made it an ideal location to administer the grafschaft or fief of the Count. In 1448 the fief fell to the House of Württemberg. However, the castle was destroyed in1449 during the "Städtekreig" by troops fromUlm ,Giengen andLauingen , and never rebuilt.In
1709 the community of Hermaringen inherited the ruins and the associated farms below the hill. In 1970/71 the ruins were repaired and cleaned. A further renovation occurred from 1981 until 1998 through the local Castle Society.Description
The keep and curtain wall form an irregular rectangle of about 45m x 70m. On the south side, a wide dry
moat separates the castle area from the flat hill top. Near the moat a massive curtain wall rises up, theAshlar wall is up to 3.4m thick. A post, found in the wall, has beendendrochronology dated to1350 .The curtain wall is 47m long, and the western portion is partially collapsed. On the ends there are short, angular sections of wall. The western, somewhat longer section, might be the remains of the former castle gate. The eastern section is the beginning of the inner wall.
About 25m behind the curtain wall, currently nearly flat, runs the old inner ditch. Behind the inner ditch, portions of the inner castle still remain. These include debris, barriers and the ruins of the keep.
The square keep is still about 6m high. During the early 20th Century the outer layer of the keep was still visible. However, today only the brick fill of the walls is still visible. The inner surface (about 2m x 2m) is decorated with 26 small squares.
ee also
*
List of castles in Baden-Württemberg
*Schloss Brenz References
*
*Günter Schmitt : "Burgenführer Schwäbische Alb. Band 6 · Ostalb. Wandern und entdecken zwischen Ulm, Aalen und Donauwörth". Biberacher Verlagsdruckerei. Biberach an der Riß 1995. ISBN 3-924489-74-2
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.