Nam Cao

Trần Hữu Tri
Born	In Birth-certificate: October 29, 1917 (According to his younger brother: October 29, 1915) Hà Nam province
Died	November 30, 1951(1951-11-30) (aged 36) Ninh Bình province
Pen name	Nam Cao, Thúy Rư, Xuân Du, Nguyệt, Nhiêu Khê, etc.
Occupation	Writer
Nationality	Vietnam
Period	1941—1951
Notable work(s)	Chí Phèo (1941)

Trần Hữu Tri (1915—1951), commonly known by his pseudonym Nam Cao, was an eminent Vietnamese short-story writer and novelist. His works generally received high acclaim from critics for their thoughtful description and veracious reflection of the society in the 1945 era. As a member of the Cultural Association for National Liberation led by the Communist Party, he was frequently sent to various places to do missions. In November 1951, he was ambushed and killed on the way to Lien Khu III, Ninh Bình, before his intention of writing a novel about his country and the revolution was ever met.

Biography

Nam Cao was born on October 29, 1915, to a poor farming family in Lý Nhân District, Hà Nam Province. He was the only child in the family who received a full education. After finishing high school, he headed to Saigon working as a clerk in a tailor’s; his first works were written during this time. Not long after that, he worked as a teacher at Công Thành, a private school in Hanoi, aiming at cultivating knowledge and experience to nourish his writing career. However, as Japan sent military troops to the area, the school was soon closed to be used as a barn for Japanese soldiers, resulting in his unemployment. He lived an arduous life, making both ends meet by home tutoring and writing for some newspapers until 1943 when he became a member of Hội văn hóa cứu quốc (The Cultural Association for National Liberation), a position that made him become the target of constant persecution. Aware of the danger, he came back to his hometown and joined the armed forces responsible for overthrowing the then administration. At the same time, he was elected the first president of Lý Nhân District. However, he left the post after a few months and was dispatched to several areas around the country from 1946 to 1951, then working as an editor for Cứu quốc and Văn nghệ newspapers in Việt Bắc. Many of his works were written during this time, notably including the short stories Chí Phèo (1941), Đôi mắt (The Eyes) (1950), diary Ở rừng (Living in the Forest) (1948), memoir Truyện biên giới (Story in the Frontier) (1948) which won extensive praise. He died on November 30, 1951, in a mission in Ninh Bình province at age 36 .

He had five children, one of them died in the Vietnamese Famine of 1945.

Writing career

Nam Cao is often referred to as one of the most prominent short-story writers in Vietnamese literature. In fact, his works became widely known only after the birth of the short story “Chí Phèo” in 1941, which reaches the zenith of success in his writing career.

Prior to the August Revolution, his works often focused on two main themes: the life of the impoverished lower middle-class intellects and the destitute life of the farmers in rural areas during the war. Through these stories he successfully depicted the plight of miserable people in the society with unfeigned vivid words and flexible descriptions. He specifically concentrated on the lingering distressful tragedies of their inner souls, indirectly brought forward the prevailing social problems of his period.

Works

Stage play

• Contribution (1951)

Novels

• A neighbor’s story (1944)
• Corroded life (1944)
• Other four lost manuscripts: The bowl, A person’s life, The temple, Flooded day.

Short stories

Ba người bạn (Three friends) Bài học quét nhà (Sweeping house lesson) Bẩy bông lúa lép (Seven flat rice ears) Cái chết của con Mực (The death of Muc) Cái mặt không chơi được (The face can't play with) Chuyện buồn giữa đêm vui (The sad story in the happy night) Cười (Laughing) Con mèo (The cat) Con mèo mắt ngọc (The opal-eye cat) Chí Phèo (1941) Đầu đường xó chợ (Street-urchi) Điếu văn (Funeral oration) Đôi mắt (The eyes)(1948) Đôi móng giò (Double pig trotter's heels) Đời thừa (Redundant life)(1943) Đòn chồng

Đón khách (Greeting guests) Nhỏ nhen (Narrow-minded) Làm tổ Lang Rận Lão Hạc (1943) Mong mưa Một chuyện xu-vơ-nia (A souvenir story) Một đám cưới (A wedding) (1944) Mua danh (Title purchase) Mua nhà (Buying house) Người thợ rèn (The blacksmith') Nhìn người ta sung sướng (See them happy) Những chuyện không muốn viết (Stories unwilling to write) Những trẻ khốn nạn (Abject youths) Nụ cười (Smile) Nước mắt (Tears)

Nửa đêm (Midnight) Phiêu lưu (Adventure) Quái dị (Abnormal) Quên điều độ (Irregularity) Rình trộm (Thief waylaying) Rửa hờn Sao lại thế này? (Why?) Thôi về đi (Go away!) Trăng sáng (Bright moon) (1942) Trẻ con không được ăn thịt chó (Children are not allowed to eat dog meat) Truyện biên giới (Story in the Frontier) Truyện tình (Love story) Tư cách mõ Từ ngày mẹ chết (Since mother died) Xem bói (Consulting fortune-teller)

External links

• Nam Cao's biography (Vietnamese)
• Short biography and notable works (Vietnamese)

Persondata
Name	Nam, Cao
Alternative names
Short description	Writer
Date of birth	October 29, 1917
Place of birth	Ha Nam province, Vietnam
Date of death	November 30, 1951
Place of death	Ninh Binh province