Lý Thánh Tông

Infobox Monarch
name =L‎ý Thánh Tông
title =King of Vietnam


caption =
full name = L‎‎ý Nhật Tôn
predecessor =L‎ý Thái Tông
successor =L‎ý Nhân Tông
dynasty =L‎ý Dynasty
date of birth =1023
date of death =1072|

L‎ý Thánh Tông (IPA: IPA|/li˦˥ tʰɐn˦˥ toŋm/; Hán tự: ; born Lý Nhật Tôn IPA|/li˦˥ ɲʌt˨ ton/; ruled 1054-1072) was the posthumous title of the third king of the Ly dynasty of Vietnam; he was considered as one of the most talented and kings in Vietnamese history.

Genius Crown Prince

He was the eldest son of Lý Thái Tông and his consort was known as Empress Mai. He was born on February 25, 1023 (this date was followed the Lunar calendar, the official calendar of Vietnam during Vietnam's feudal period) at Càn Đức palace. In 1028, he was conferred Crown price after his father ascended the throne.

He was soon adept in all main fields at that time, such as history, literature, music, and also martial arts. Like his father, he was soon brought out of the capital citadel to touch the bottom class in society, following the tradition of this dynasty. Living among the masses, he soon profoundly understand the wretchedness and the slavery below the legs of the king. It made him have a benevolent reign after his succession.

Just at the age of 15, he was dubbed Great General, suppressed the revolt in Lam Tây (Lai Chau province), and made some feat. When was 17 ‎years old, his father alloyed army to conquest Nùng Tồn Phúc, he was in charge of the Regent to rule over the capital and to manage the affairs of court.

In 1040, when he was just 18, all important litigations over the nation is committed to him. One edifice known as Quảng Vũ palace was confided to him.

In 1043, he was again conferred as Great General to defeat Châu Ái (Thanh Hoa province). One year later, while his father despatched the army to defeat Champa, he was again in charge of the Regent known as the title “The exarch of the capital”.

In January 1045, when he was ailing, Lý Thái Tông allowed him to hold court. Two months later, Lý Thái Tông departed from his life and then Lý Nhật Tôn officially ascended.

Benevolent king

Just after succession, L‎ý Thánh Tông changed the national name from “Đại Cồ Việt” to “Đại Việt” (means the Great Viet), initiating the most prosperous epoch throughout the history of Vietnam under that name. L‎ý Thánh Tông mercifully managed the nation through his reign and spread his benevolence over his realm, even to prisoners. In one year, when it underwent an unomalously cold and long winter, he told his confidents that even he, being in the palace with enough clothing, still felt cold, so all prisoners, whether criminals or not, were not sufficiently supplied with either food or clothing, and easily deceased. Thus, he commanded his servants to bring food, mats, and blankets, to these prisoners.

On another day, he was adjudicating some important cases. One of his young princesses was standing near him; he then indicated her and said that his love toward common people equaled to that toward his offspring. He also said that the code was not stretched through the people so that they were ignorant and also could be innocent because of this ignorance. Thus the rigidity of the code must have been decreased and the laws must have been aimed to the humanity.

The benevolence of him maintained the stable and the peace in the nation, and all individuals venerated him. He practised Buddhism so during his reign, L‎ý Thánh Tông builت many tower-pagoda and casted some large and impressive bell. However, he also had a comparative respect to Taoism, and in order to civilise the people, he operated “Văn Miếu”, the Temple of Literature, and commanded workmen to carve some large sculptures of Confucius and 72 sages. Since that, Vietnam has had Văn Miếu, the site to commemorate all people who have achieved the title “Tiến sĩ” (doctor).

His success was contributed to notably by his Noble Consort Ỷ Lan, who displayed great competence in administration. As L‎ý Thánh Tông did not soon produce an heir, when he went to war, she herself was left in charge of administering the nation.

Defeat of the Song invaders and conquest of Champa

After stabilizing over the nation, he attended to the extension of his realm. He rearrayed the army and made army titles for each part of it. He totally divided his main cohort into 100 small groups and those were arrayed in four large groups: left, right, front, and rear, with supports of cavalries and trebuchets. The alloted army was assembled in another part. The ‎tactical factor of Đại Việt army at that time was an advance which was repected by the rivals.

In 1060, he commanded the exarch of “Lạng Châu” to combat the Song army along the border between two nations. The Vietnamese infantry won and captured the Song general named Dương Bảo Tài. After some more failed conflict with Đại Việt, the Song sent an envoy to negotiate with the Đại Việt court. The negotiator was treated well, but Đại Việt peremptorily did not free that general.

As Champa constantly annoyed the area near the border between two nations and sometimes intruded deeply to loot, in 1069 L‎ý Thánh Tông himself lead an army to defeat Champa. At first, he did not win and must have withdrawn troops to preserve their strength. While he was conducting his army through an area, he heard that Noble Consort Ỷ Lan managed the nation very well and thought he had been coward and he felt shame in comparison with his consort. Thus he returned his army and for the nonce he did defeat his rival and also captured King of Champa, Rudravarman III. Rudravarman III implored L‎ý Thánh Tông to release him in exchange for three areas, known as Địa L‎ý, Ma Linh, and Bố Chính (now districts Lệ Ninh, Quảng Trạch, Bố Trạch, and Tuyên Hoá of Quang Binh province and Bến Hải district of Quang Tri province).

Era name

In January 1072, he suddenly died at the age of 50, ruled for 17 years. While he was ruling, he used 5 era names:
* Long Thụy Thái Bình (1054 - 1058)
* Chương Thánh Gia Khánh (1059 -1065)
* Long Chương Thiên Tự (1066 - 1067)
* Thiên Huống Bảo Tượng (1068)
* Thần Vũ (1069 - 1072)

References

* Đại Việt sử kí toàn thư.
* Các triều đại Việt Nam. (Dynasties of Vietnam)