Endophora

Endophora

In linguistics, endophora is a term that means an expression which refers to something intralinguistic, i.e. in the same text.

For example, let's say we are given: "I saw Sally yesterday. She was lying on the beach". Here "she" is an "endophoric" expression because it refers to something already mentioned in the text, i.e. "Sally".

By contrast, "She was lying on the beach," if it appeared by itself, has an "exophoric" expression; "she" refers to something that the reader is not told about. That is to say, there is not enough information in the text to independently determine to whom "she" refers. It can refer to someone the speaker assumes his audience has prior knowledge of or it can refer to a person he is showing to his listeners. Without further information, in other words, there is no way of knowing the exact meaning of an exophoric term.

Endophora can be broken into three subcategories: cataphora, anaphora and self-reference.

ee also

*Deixis
*Exophora
*Generic antecedents
*Homophora
*Metaphor
*Metonymy
*Synecdoche


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  • endophora — endophoric /en deuh fawr ik, for /, adj. /en dof euhr euh/, n. Gram. the use of a word or phrase to refer to something either preceding it or following it within a text or discourse; anaphora or cataphora. Cf. exophora. [ENDO + (ANA)PHORA] * * * …   Universalium

  • endophora — noun an expression which refers to something in the same text …   Wiktionary

  • endophora — endophoric /en deuh fawr ik, for /, adj. /en dof euhr euh/, n. Gram. the use of a word or phrase to refer to something either preceding it or following it within a text or discourse; anaphora or cataphora. Cf. exophora. [ENDO + (ANA)PHORA] …   Useful english dictionary

  • Anaphora (linguistics) — In linguistics, anaphora is an instance of an expression referring to another.In general, an anaphoric expression is represented by a pro form or some kind of deictic.In some theories, the strict definition of anaphora includes only references to …   Wikipedia

  • Exophora — In linguistics, exophora is reference to something extralinguistic, i.e. not in the same text, and contrasts with endophora. Exophora can be deictic, in which special words or grammatical markings are used to make reference to something in the… …   Wikipedia

  • Cataphora — In linguistics, cataphora is used to describe an expression that co refers with a later expression in the discourse. That is to say, the earlier expression refers to or describes a forward expression. For example, given: Finding the right gadget… …   Wikipedia

  • Homophora — In the branch of linguistics called pragmatics, homophora is a subcategory of exophora. In common with all exophora, it is the use of an expression to refer to something outside the text (spoken, signed, or written). That is, it is not a cohesive …   Wikipedia

  • Cohesion (linguistics) — Cohesion is the grammatical and lexical relationship within a text or sentence. Cohesion can be defined as the links that hold a text together and give it meaning. It is related to the broader concept of coherence There are two main types of… …   Wikipedia

  • exophora — exophoric /ek seuh fawr ik, for /, adj. /ek sof euhr euh/, n. Gram. the use of a word or phrase to refer to something in the extralinguistic environment, as that in Look at that, said by someone pointing to a sunset. Cf. endophora. [EXO +… …   Universalium

  • exophora — exophoric /ek seuh fawr ik, for /, adj. /ek sof euhr euh/, n. Gram. the use of a word or phrase to refer to something in the extralinguistic environment, as that in Look at that, said by someone pointing to a sunset. Cf. endophora. [EXO +… …   Useful english dictionary

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