- Al-Hurr ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Thaqafi
Al-Ḥurr ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Thaqafī ( _ar. الحر بن عبد الرحمن الثقفي) was an early
Umayyad governor who ruled the Muslim province ofAl-Andalus from between716 to718 . He was the third successor toMusa bin Nusair , the North African governor who had directed the conquest of Visigothic Spain several years earlier in711 . [Hitti (1956) p. 499] Al-Hurr was the first Muslim commander to cross thePyrenees in717 , leading a small raiding party intoSeptimania . His incursions were largely unsuccessful, for which he was deposed in718 .Livermore (1947) p. 30]Background
In 711, an Umayyad army led by freedman
Tariq bin Ziyad had been sent to theIberian peninsula under the orders of North African governorMusa bin Nusair , resulting in its eventual conquest. Leaving his son ('Abd al-'Aziz) in charge, Musa led a triumphant procession of over 400 well-dressed Visgothic princes, followed by slaves and prisoners of war, to the Caliphal-Walid I inDamascus . During that visit, Musa dramatically fell out of favor with al-Walid: Tariq informed the caliph that the treasure paraded, for which Musa had claimed credit, had actually been captured by himself instead. Musa was stripped of his status, and 'Abd al-'Aziz remained in charge of the newly conquered territories, which were now named "Al-Andalus ." [Hitti (1956) pp. 496-499]Governorship
After the assassination of Abd al-Aziz in 716, and the six-month rule of his cousin Ayyub ibn Habib al-Lakhmi, al-Hurr ibn 'abd al-Rahman al-Thaqafi was assigned the post. Soon afterwards, he relocated the Andalusian administrative capital from
Seville to Córdoba. [Meri (2006) p. 175] Al-Hurr was heavily involved in trying to suppress Christian Gothic resistance, and was largely successful in doing so; except against a pocket of resistance in the Asturian mountains, from which theReconquista would emerge many years later.Al-Hurr also turned his attention to the Franks across the
Pyrenees . Sources suggest he was enticed by the treasure horded in the convents and churches, as well as the internal dissension between the chief officers of the Merovingian court and the dukes ofAquitaine . None of al-Hurr's predecessors had attempted to cross the Pyrenees, and in717 , he attempted to do just that. [Hitti (1956) p. 499] He led a small expedition across the range intoSeptimania , the first of which was likely to just reconnoiter the region. Several attempted raids later, all of which proved unsuccessful, al-Hurr was deposed by the caliph, who appointedAl-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani in718 as his replacement. Al-Samh continued expeditions into France, reaching as far as theRhône , but would be killed in the Battle of Tolouse in721 .Notes
References
*cite book | title=History of the Arabs: From the Earliest Times to the Present| last=Hitti | first=Philip K. | publisher=Macmillan | location=London | date=1956 |id=OCLC 2068137
*cite book | title=A History of Portugal | last=Livermore | first=H. V| publisher=Camridge University Press | date=1947 |id=OCLC 1368719
*cite book | title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia| last=Meri | first= Josef W. |coauthors= Bacharach, Jere L | publisher=Routledge | date=1956 |id=ISBN 0415966906External links
* [http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/articles/watson2.htm Historical and Geographical Motives for Muslim Operations North of the Pyrenees] , in "The Battle of Tours-Poitiers Revisited", from "Providence: Studies in Western Civilization v.2 n.1 (1993)", by William E. Watson.
s-ttl|title=Governor of Al-Andalus
years=716 –718
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