- Gerald Domingue
Gerald Domingue (born
March 2 ,1937 ) is an Americanmedical researcher (bacteriology ,immunology , experimentalurology ) and academic who served as Professor of Urology,Microbiology and Immunology in theTulane University School of Medicine and Graduate School for thirty years and also as Director of Research in Urology. He is currently retired and resides inZurich ,Switzerland , where he is engaged in painting and creative writing. At retirement he was honored with the title of Professor Emeritus at Tulane (1967-1997). Prior to Tulane, he served on the faculty ofSt. Louis University (school of medicine); was a lecturer atWashington University (school of dentistry) and director of clinical microbiology in St. Louis City Hospital (Snodgrass Laboratory of Pathology and Bacteriology),St. Louis ,Missouri .Over the course of his thirty-nine year career, Domingue received funding from the
National Institutes of Health ,Veterans Administration , and a variety of national and international research foundations; served on grant review committees of these agencies as well as consultant to various journal review boards. He also served as clinical microbiology and research consultant to hospital clinical laboratories and to industry. He enjoys international recognition as an authority on the basic biology and medical significance of atypical bacterial organisms and is considered an expert on the role of these bacteria in the persistence and expression of kidney and urological infectious diseases.Domingue was named a Fellow of the American Academy for Microbiology (1973) and a Fellow of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (1975). [Marquis Who's Who, Inc. (2000). Who's who in medicine and healthcare. New Providence NJ: Marquis Who's Who] [Marquis Who's Who, Inc. (1993). Who's who in science and engineering. Wilmette, Ill: Marquis Who's Who.] .In 1995, he received the prestigious Palmes Academiques Medal (Chevalier) from the country of France.
Education and early work
Domingue was born in 1937 in
Lafayette, Louisiana . He was educated at Southwestern Louisiana Institute (presentlyUniversity of Louisiana at Lafayette , LA), receiving the Bachelor of Science degree in three years (bacteriology with minors in chemistry and French); matriculating to graduate school at the University of Southwestern Louisiana (presentlyUniversity of Louisiana at Lafayette )(graduate courses in bacteriology, atomic physics and advanced qualitative organic chemistry; served as instructor of laboratory courses in bacteriology and immunology in university);Louisiana State University (basic medical sciences) and Tulane University where he earned the doctorate (1964); holds the Ph.D. degree in medical microbiology and immunology; followed by a postdoctoral research fellowship in microbiology/infectious diseases and a residency in clinical microbiology under the mentorship of the late distinguished bacteriologist/immunologist, Erwin Neter at The Children's Hospital of theState University of New York ,Buffalo, New York .He first became interested in the role of atypical bacterial forms after noting that a large number of patients with urinary tract infections suffer from continual relapsing illness. Using a direct phase microscope, he examined the urine specimens of several patients with urinary tract infections and found
L-form bacteria in his samples.He began to investigate L-form bacteria, striving to better understand their biology and the role they play in causing disease. Over the course of the next 30 years, he was able to explain much of the mystery behind how the bacteria are able to persist in the body, and published a wide array of clinical and experimental studies on the subject.
L-form bacteria – electron dense bodies
Domingue worked with a team that included pre and post-doctoral students and fellows along with faculty colleagues and laboratory assistants. Together they discovered that L-form bacteria are able to form tiny dense bodies within parent cells that already lack cell walls. They noted that the forms, which they called electron dense bodies were so small that they could pass through bacterial filters that normally withheld ordinary bacteria with cell walls.Green, M. T., Heidger, P. M., & Domingue, G. (1974). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=PubMed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4214786&ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Proposed reproductive cycle for a relatively stable L-phase variant of Streptococcus faecalis] . Infection and immunity, 10(4), 915-27.] Green, M. T., Heidger, P. M., & Domingue, G. (1974). [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=4214785 Demonstration of the Phenomena of Microbial Persistence and Reversion with Bacterial L-Forms in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells] , Infection and immunity, 10(4): 889–91.]
The electron dense bodies could persist inside tissue culture cells in the laboratory. After applying this data to the human condition, Domingue reasoned that in some patients who suffer from chronic bacterial infections, the disease process could be related to the fact that bacteria are able to differentiate into the resistant electron dense bodies that he observed in tissue cultures.Domingue, G., & Woody, H. (1997). [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=9105757 Bacterial persistence and expression of disease] . Clin Microbiol Rev, 10(2), 320-344.]
ignificant papers
In 1974, he and his graduate student, Mary Green, along with Paul Heidger, a faculty collaborator, published two landmark companion papers in the journal Infection and Immunity. The papers detail how L-form bacteria inside an experimental human embryonic kidney tissue culture system are able to persist in cells and explains how they are able to revert into the cell wall-containing parent bacterial form. They also proposed a detailed reproductive cycle for L-form bacteria, followed by electron microscopy of the microorganisms.
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