Segmentation and Reassembly
- Segmentation and Reassembly
Segmentation and Reassembly refers to the process used to fragment and reassemble packets so as to allow them to be transported across Asynchronous Transfer Mode networks. Since ATM's payload is only 48 bytes, nearly every packet from any other protocol has to be processed in this way. Thus, it is an essential process for any ATM node. It is usually handled by a dedicated chip, called the SAR.
The process is conceptually simple: an incoming packet from another protocol to be transmitted across the ATM network is chopped up into segments that fit into 48-byte chunks carried as ATM cell payloads. At the far end, these chunks are fitted back together to reconstitute the original packet.
The process is analogous to the fragmentation of IP packets on reaching an interface with a Maximum Transmit Unit (MTU) size less than the packet size and the subsequent reassembly of the original packet once the fragments have reached the original packet's destination.
Since different types of data are encapsulated in different ways, the details of the segmentation process vary according to the type of data being handled. There are several different schemes, referred to as ATM Adaptation Layers (AAL). The schemes are:
*AAL0 - Raw cells with no special format
*AAL1 - Constant bitrate, circuit emulation (T1, E1, etc)
*AAL2 - Variable bitrate synchronous traffic, e.g. voice data
*AAL3/4 - Variable bitrate asynchronous traffic, e.g. Frame Relay transport
*AAL5 - Used for most data traffic, such as IP
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ATM Adaptation Layer 5 — (AAL5) is used to send variable length packets up to 65,535 octets in size across an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network.Unlike most network frames, which place control information in the header, AAL5 places control information in an 8 octet … Wikipedia
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convergence sublayer — Abbreviated CS. One of two sublayers that makeup the ATM Adaptation Layer; the other being the segmentation and reassembly sublayer (SAR). The convergence sublayer is the upper layer that provides the interface for the various ATM services … Dictionary of networking
