Kansei

Kansei

nihongo|Kansei|寛政 was a nihongo|Japanese era name|年号,|"nengō",|lit. "year name" after "Tenmei" and before "Kyōwa." This period spanned the years from 1789 through 1801. The reigning emperor was nihongo|Kōkaku"-tennō"|光格天皇.

Change of era

*; January 25, 1789: The new era name of " Kansei" (meaning "Tolerant Government" or "Broad-minded Government") was created to mark a number of calamities including a devastating fire at the Imperial Palace. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in "Tenmei" 9, on the 25th day of the 1st month.

Events of the "Kansei" era

The broad panoply of changes and new initiatives of the Tokugawa shogunate during this era became known as the "Kansei" Reforms.

Matsudaira Sadanobu (1759-1929) was named the shogun's chief councilor ("rōjū") in the summer of 1787; and early in the next year, he became the regent for the 11th shogun, Tokugawa Ienari. [Totman, Conrad. "Politics in the Tokugawa Bakufu". Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988, p. 224] As the chief administrative decision-maker in the "bakufuan" hierarchy, he was in a position to effect radical change; and his initial actions represented an aggressive break with the recent past. Sadanobu's efforts were focused on strengthening the Edo government by reversing many of the policies and practices which had become commonplace under the regime of the previous shogun, Tokugawa Ieharu. These reform policies could be interpreted as a reactionary response to the excesses of his "rōjū" predecessor, Tanuma Okitsugu (1719-1788); [Hall, J. (1955). "Tanuma Okitsugu: Forerunner of Modern Japan, 1719-1788." pp. 131-142.] and the result was that Tanuma-initiated, liberalizing reforms within the "bakufu" and relaxing the strictures of "sakoku" (Japan's "closed-door policy of excluding all foreigners) were reversed or blocked. [Screech, T. (2006). "Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822," pp. 148-151, 163-170, 248.]

* "Kansei 2" (1790): The shogunate issues an edict addressed to Hayashi Kinpō, the rector of the Edo Confucian Academy -- "The Kansei Prohibition of Heterodox Studies" ("kansei igaku no kin"). [Nosco, Peter. (1997). "Confucianism and Tokugawa Culture," p. 20.]
* "Kansei 10" (1798): "Kansei" Calendar Revision

Notes

References

* Hall, John Whitney. (1955). "Tanuma Okitsugu: Forerunner of Modern Japan, 1719-1788." Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
* Screech, Timon. (2006). "Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822." London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-7007-1720-X
* Totman, Conrad. (1967). "Politics in the Tokugawa Bakufu, 1600-1843". Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-6746-8800-7 [reprinted by University of California Press, Berkely, 1988. ISBN 0-5200-6313-9]
* Nosco, Peter. (1997). "Confucianism and Tokugawa Culture." Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1865-2

External links

* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]





Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Kansei — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Sur les autres projets Wikimedia : « kansei », sur le Wiktionnaire (dictionnaire universel) Kansei peut désigner: l Ère Kansei, de 1789 à… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Kansei Studies — Kansei = Nihongo| Kansei |感性| is a Japanese word that covers the meanings of sensitivity, sensibility, and intuition in English and is akin to the German concept of Ästhetik . Researchers have proposed three major definitions for its… …   Wikipedia

  • Kansei Engineering — (Japanese: 感性工学 kansei kougaku , sense engineering) is a method for translating feelings and impressions into product parameters, invented in the 1970s by Professor Mitsuo Nagamachi (Dean of Hiroshima International University). Kansei Engineering …   Wikipedia

  • Kansei (disambiguation) — * Kansei was a Japanese era. * Kansei Engineering is a method for translating feelings and impressions into product parameters. * Kansei Studies is a research domain aiming at understanding Kansei, and its relation with human sciences and design… …   Wikipedia

  • Kansei Nakano — (中野 寛成, Nakano Kansei?, born November 26, 1940) is a Japanese politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party of Japan and the Vice Speaker of the Lower House of the Diet. Nakano was born in 1940 in Nagasaki. At age four, he experienced the… …   Wikipedia

  • Kansei Nakano — (jap. 中野 寛成, Nakano Kansei; * 26. November 1940 in Nagasaki, Präfektur Nagasaki) ist ein japanischer Politiker der Demokratischen Partei (Kawabata Gruppe), Abgeordneter im Shūgiin für den 8. Wahlkreis Ōsaka und ehemaliger Minister. Leben Nakano,… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Kansei Reforms — The nihongo| Kansei Reforms|寛政の改革|Kansei no kaikaku were a series of reactionary policy changes and edicts which were intended to cure a range of perceived problems which had developed in mid 18th century Tokugawa Japan. [In the name Kansei… …   Wikipedia

  • Kansei Edict — The Kansei Edict (寛政異学の禁 kansei igaku no kin ) of 1790 enforced the Neo Confucianism of Zhu Xi as the official Confucian philosophy of Japan. The edict banned any teaching or propagation of heterodox studies, including the teachings of scholars… …   Wikipedia

  • Kansei (Computerspiel) — Dieser Artikel wurde auf die Qualitätssicherungsseite des Portals Computerspiele eingetragen. Beteilige dich an der Diskussion und hilf mit, den Artikel zu verbessern …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Kansei-Gakuin-Universität — Der Uhrturm der Bibliothek Das Städtische Literaturmuseum Kōbe, die ehemalige Kapelle der Kwansei Gakuin Die Kwansei Gakuin Universität …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”