- Tammuz (month)
:"For the deity, see
Tammuz (deity) .Tammuz (
Arabic : "تموز", Assyrian: "ܬܡܘܙ", Hebrew: תמוז, Standard "Tammuz" Tiberian "Unicode|Tammûz") is the Arabic and Assyrian name for the month ofJuly used in theLevant andTurkey , and tenth month of the civil year and the fourth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Assyrian andHebrew calendar . It is a summer month of 29 days in Hebrew calendar and of 31 days in the Assyrian one.The name of the month was adopted from the Babylonian/Assyrian calendars, in which the month was named after one of the main Babylonian gods, Tammuz (Sumerian: Dumuzid) and known as Month of Harvesting
Holidays in Tammuz
17 Tammuz -
Seventeenth of Tammuz – "(Fast Day)":17 Tammuz is a fast day from 1 hour before sunrise to sundown in remembrance of Jerusalem's walls being breached. 17 Tammuz is the beginning of theThree Weeks , in which Jews follow similar customs as the ones followed during theOmer from the day followingPassover until the culmination of the mourning for the death of the students of RabbiAkiva (Akibah ) the thirty-third day of the Omer - such as refraining from marriage, grooming festivals and fairs. The Three Weeks culminate with Tisha Be-Av (9th of Av).:Differences between
Ashkenazic andSefardic communities make the former overly more strict about the mourning followed during this weeks. For example, Ashkenazic communities refrain from wine and meat since the beginning of the month ofAv , while Sefardic communities only do so since the beginning of the week in which the 9th of Av occurs and until the end of such date or in some occasions the end of the 10th of Av, which marks the date in which the Second Temple's destruction was accomplished as well as an important part of the mourning of the Jewish Nation for the destruction of the communities of Gush Katif and North Samaria in Israel.Chabad-Lubavitch
Among the
Chabad-Lubavitch , two major events are celebrated in the first half of the month of Tammuz.3 Tammuz -
Gimmel Tammuz - theyahrtzeit (anniversary of the death) of the seventh Lubavitcher Rebbe, RabbiMenachem Mendel Schneerson .
12 Tammuz and 13 Tammuz -Festival of Redemption - commemorating the days on which the previous Lubavitcher Rebbe, RabbiYosef Yitzchak Schneersohn was released from imprisonment in theSoviet Union for teaching Judaism.Tammuz in Jewish history
3 Tammuz -
Joshua stops the sun.
4 Tammuz - (1171 ) - Death ofRabbeinu Tam
4 Tammuz - (1286 ) - Maharam imprisoned
5 Tammuz - (429 BCE ) - Ezekiel's vision of the "Chariot"
*On the 5th of Tammuz of the Hebrew year 3332 (429 BCE ), Ezekiel, the only one of theProphet s to prophesy outside of the Holy Land, had a vision of the Divine "Chariot" representing the spiritual infrastructure of creation. See Ezekiel 1:4-266 Tammuz - (1976 ) - Entebbe Rescue
9 Tammuz - (586 BCE ) - Jerusalem Walls breached
*TheBabylonian armies ofKing Nebuchadnezzar breached the walls ofJerusalem on the 9th of Tammuz in the Hebrew year 3338 (586 BCE ).King Ziddikiahu (pronounced "Tsidikyahu" - known asZedekiah in English) ofJudah was captured and taken toBabylon . A month later, the capture of Jerusalem was completed with the destruction of the Holy Temple and the exile of all but a small number of Jews to Babylon] ). Tammuz 9 was observed as a fast day until the second breaching of Jerusalem's walls (by the Romans) on the 17th of Tammuz, Hebrew year 3830 (70 CE), at which time the Rabbis moved the fast to that date. This is according to theTalmud ,Rosh Hashanah (Rosh Hashanah and Tur Orach Chaim 549] . However, 15 Tammuz - (Karaite Jews continue to observe the fast on Tammuz 9.1743 ) - Death of Rabbi Chayim ben Attar (Ohr HaChayim )
17 Tammuz - (586 BCE ) - Temple service disrupted
*The daily sacrificial offerings (Korban Tamid ) in theHoly Temple were discontinued, three weeks before the Babylonians' destruction of the First Temple in 586 BCE.17 Tammuz - (70 CE ) - Jerusalem Walls Breached
*The other three national tragedies mourned on Tammuz 17 are connected with the Roman conquest of Jerusalem and their destruction of the Second Temple in the year 70 CE: Firstly, the walls of the besieged city of Jerusalem were breached. Secondly, the Roman generalApostomus burned theTorah and, third he placed an idol in the Holy Temple. The fighting in Jerusalem continued for three weeks until the 9th of Av, when the Holy Temple was set aflame.21 Tammuz - (1636 ) - Death ofBaal Shem of Worms
*Kabbalist RabbiEliyahu ben Moshe Loanz , known as "Rabbi Eliyahu Baal Shem" of Worms,Germany , died on the 21st of Tammuz of the Hebrew year 5396 (1636 CE). He was a grandson of theshtadlan (Jewish activist) Rabbi Joselman of Rosheim, and the author ofMichlal Yofi commentary onEcclesiastes .22 Tammuz - (1792 ) - Death of Rabbi Shlomo of Karlin
23 Tammuz - (1570 ) - Death of RabbiMoshe Cordovero
28 Tammuz - (1841 ) - Death ofYismach Moshe
29 Tammuz - (1105 ) - Death ofRashi Other uses
* "Temmouz" (Arabic: ﺗﻤﻮﺯ), is also the name for the month of July in the
Levant andTurkey .References In fiction
* In the story of
Xenogears , Tammuz is the name of a country, named after the Hebrew month. In the official Japanese version translation, however, it was transliterated Tamuzu. This was later further changed by the translation process to Thames for the English version.References
* [http://www.chabad.org/calendar/ This Month in Jewish History]
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