RWD-5

infobox Aircraft
name =RWD-5
type =Sports plane
manufacturer =DWL



caption =Modern RWD-5 replica, 2005
designer = RWD team
first flight =7 August 1931
introduced =1931
retired =1939
status =
primary user =Poland
more users =
produced =1931-1937
number built =20
unit cost =
variants with their own articles = The RWD-5 was a Polish touring and sports plane of 1931, a two-seat high-wing monoplane, constructed by the RWD team. It was made famous by its transatlantic flight, being the smallest aircraft to cross the AtlanticGlass, A. (1977), p. 291-294.] .

Development

The RWD-5 was constructed by the RWD team of Stanisław Rogalski, Stanisław Wigura and Jerzy Drzewiecki (their designs were named RWD after their initial letters). It was a further development of earlier RWD aircraft series (RWD-1, -2, -3 and -7), especially of its direct predecessor, the RWD-4. It shared the same wing shape and construction, while a fuselage was totally new, constructed of steel frame, unlike its wooden predecessors. The fuselage had a modern shape and a closed canopy with panoramic windows (earlier models had untypical fish-shaped fuselages without a direct view towards forward from the pilot's seat).

The first prototype (registration SP-AGJ) was flown on August 7, 1931 by his designer Jerzy Drzewiecki. It was built in new workshops of Warsaw University of Technology near Okęcie airport, from 1933 converted to "Doświadczalne Warsztaty Lotnicze" (DWL) company.

After successes of the prototype in air competitions, a small-scale series production was carried out, mostly for the Polish Aero Club. Series aircraft had improved landing gear. Two were built in 1932 (registration SP-AJA and AJB), five in 1933 (including single-seater RWD-5bis), eleven in 1934 (including one in Aero Club workshops in Lublin) and one more in 1937 (SP-BGX), what gave a total of 20 aircraft. In 1932, the RWD-5 was shown in the International Air Show in Paris.

ervice

RWD-5s were mostly used as trainers and sport planes by Polish regional aero clubs. They scored good results in local competitions, starting from 1931, when the prototype won the 3rd South-Western Poland Flight (pilot M. Pronaszko) and the 4th Touring Aircraft Contest (pilot Franciszek Żwirko). As sport and touring planes, they were later superseded by the RWD-13, and were relegated mostly for training. Three were written off before 1939.

One aircraft was used by LOT Polish Airlines in 1933-1936 for taxi flights (registration SP-LOT), one by LOPP organization (SP-LOP). After the outbreak of World War II, during the Polish September Campaign, at least one RWD-5 was utilized as liaison aircraft. Also, Maj. E. Wyrwicki flew RWD-5 from Romania to besieged Warsaw. None of the RWD-5s survived the war.

One RWD-5 was sold to Brazil in 1938 (former SP-LO, removed from the Polish registry on 4 December 1936) and registered there as PP-TDX in 1939. Its airworthiness expired in 1943 [ [http://www.samoloty.ow.pl/str356.htm Stefanicki, Maciej. "Samoloty RWD w Brazylii, Izraelu i USA"] , retrieved 16-5-2008] .

In late 1990s, a flying replica of the RWD-5, named RWD-5R, was built in Poland by EEA991 association. It flew first on 26 August, 2000, and is powered with 140 hp LOM Praha Avia M-332 engine.

The flight across the Atlantic

In March 1933 a special single-seater variant was built, called RWD-5bis (registration SP-AJU), powered with 130 hp Gipsy Major engine. The rear cabin was replaced with an additional 300 l (79 US gal) fuel tank, and the windows were removed. Additional fuel tanks were added in wings, the fuel capacity reached 752 l (199 US gal) in total and a range increased to 5,000 km (3,125 miles). Stanisław Skarżyński flew this plane in a raid from Warsaw to Rio de Janeiro from April 27 to June 24, 1933, on a path of 17,885 km (11,178 miles).

During his travel, on May 7/May 8, Skarżynski flew the RWD-5bis across the southern Atlantic, from Saint-Louis, Senegal to Maceio in Brazil. The flight took 20 hours 30 minutes (17 hours above the ocean). He crossed 3,582 km (2,226 mi), establishing a distance record in the FAI light tourist plane class. The RWD-5bis was the smallest plane that has ever flown across the Atlantic — its empty weight was below 450 kg (1000 lb), loaded 1100 kg (2425 lb). The plane had no radio nor safety equipment, due to weight. It returned to Europe on a ship. After its record-breaking flight, the RWD-5bis was converted to a two-seater variant without additional tanks, and used by Skarżyński.

Description

Mixed construction (steel and wood) high-wing cantilever monoplane, conventional in layout. The fuselage of a steel frame, covered with canvas on a wooden frame (with duralumin in engine section). Trapezoid one-part wing, canvas covered (plywood in front), two-spar, with no mechanization. A crew of two, sitting in tandem in a glazed cockpit, with dual controls and individual doors on the right. Conventional fixed landing gear, with a rear skid, wheels in teardrop covers on serial aircraft.

Engine in front, with tractor two-blade wooden propeller of a fixed pitch. A variety of 4 cylinder air-cooled inverted straight engines were used, most typically Cirrus Hermes IIB (105 hp (78 kW) nominal power and 115 hp (86 kW) take-off power). Used also were 130 hp Hermes IV or de Havilland Gipsy III, or 120 hp Walter Junior 4. The RWD-5bis and RWD-5 SP-LOT had a 130 hp (97 kW) de Havilland Gipsy Major.

pecifications (RWD-5)

aircraft specifications
plane or copter?= plane
jet or prop?= prop
ref=Glass, A. (1977)
crew= One, pilot
capacity=One, passenger / trainee or second pilot
length main= 7.2 m
length alt= 23 ft 7 in
span main= 10.2 m
span alt= 33 ft 5 in
height main= 2.05 m
height alt= 6 ft 9 in
area main= 15.50 m²
area alt= 166.8 ft²
airfoil=
empty weight main= 430 kg
empty weight alt= 950 lb
loaded weight main= 760 kg
loaded weight alt= 1,675 lb
useful load main= 330 kg
useful load alt=
max takeoff weight main=
max takeoff weight alt=
more general=
engine (prop)=Cirrus Hermes IIB
type of prop= 4 cylinder air cooled straight engine
number of props=1
power main= 115 hp
power alt= 86 kW
power original=
max speed main= 202 km/h
max speed alt= 109 knots, 126 mph
cruise speed main= 170 km/h
cruise speed alt=
never exceed speed main=
never exceed speed alt=
stall speed main= 75 km/h
stall speed alt=
range main= 1,080 km
range alt= 583 nm, 670 mi
ceiling main= 4,700 m
ceiling alt= 15,400 ft
climb rate main= 4.6 m/s, 276 m/min
climb rate alt= 905 ft/min
loading main= 49 kg/m²
loading alt= 10.0 lb/ft²
thrust/weight=
power/mass main=
power/mass alt=
more performance=
armament=
avionics=

ee also

aircontent
related=
*RWD-4
similar aircraft=
*de Havilland Puss Moth

lists=
see also=

References

* [http://rwd5.republika.pl/index-a.htm Web pages dedicated to the RWD-5 aircraft by Rafał Krok] , retrieved on 2008-07-06.
* Glass, Andrzej: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" ("Polish aviation constructions 1893-1939"), WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 pl icon