Mutagen X

Mutagen X
Mutagen X
Identifiers
CAS number 77439-76-0
KEGG C19205 YesY
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C5H3Cl3O3
Molar mass 217.43 g/mol
 YesY X (verify) (what is: YesY/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Mutagen X (MX), or 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one, is a byproduct of the disinfection of water by chlorination. MX is produced by reaction of chlorine with natural humic acids.

MX is found in chlorinated drinking water all over the world and is an environmental carcinogen that is known to cause several types of cancer in rats when present in large enough concentrations.[1] It is listed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a group 2B carcinogen meaning it is "possibly carcinogenic to humans". Although the concentration of MX in drinking water is typically 100- to 1000-fold lower than other common byproducts of water chlorination such as trihalomethanes, MX might play a role in the increased cancer risks that have been associated with the consumption of chlorinated water because of its potency in inducing DNA damage.[2]

References

  1. ^ Yuan, Jing; Liu, Hui; Zhou, Li-Hong; Zou, Ya-Lin; Lu, Wen-Qing (2006). "Oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by a drinking-water chlorination disinfection byproduct 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in mice". Mutation Research 609 (2): 129–136. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.05.011. PMID 16952480. 
  2. ^ McDonald, Thomas A.; Komulainen, Hannu (2005). "Carcinogenicity of the chlorination disinfection by-product MX". Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C: Environmental Carcinogenesis & Ecotoxicology Reviews C23 (2): 163–214. doi:10.1080/10590500500234988. PMID 16291527. 

External links


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  • mutagen — MUTAGÉN, Ă, mutageni, e, adj., s.m. (biol.) (Agent) care produce o mutaţie (2). – Din fr. mutagene. Trimis de ana zecheru, 19.05.2004. Sursa: DEX 98  mutagén adj. m., pl. mutagéni; f …   Dicționar Român

  • mutagen — mu ta*gen (m[=u] t[.a]*j[e^]n), n. A chemical compound or other external influence (such as ionizing radiation) which causes mutations[3]. [PJC] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • mutagen — mutagen. См. мутаген. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • mutagen — (n.) 1946, from MUTATION (Cf. mutation) + GEN (Cf. gen) thing that produces. Related: Mutagenic; mutagenesis; mutagenize …   Etymology dictionary

  • mutagen — mùtagēn m <N mn i> DEFINICIJA biol. fizikalni ili kemijski čimbenik koji izaziva mutacije [mutagene tvari] ETIMOLOGIJA v. mutacija + gen …   Hrvatski jezični portal

  • mutagen — [myo͞ot′ə jən, myo͞ot′əjen΄] n. [ MUTA(TION) + GEN] Biol. any agent or substance, as X rays, mustard gas, etc., capable of noticeably increasing the frequency of mutation mutagenic [myo͞ot′əjen′ik] adj. mutagenically adv …   English World dictionary

  • Mutagen — In genetics, a mutagen (Latin, literally origin of change) is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many… …   Wikipedia

  • mutagen — mu|ta|gen 〈Adj.〉 Mutationen auslösend [<Mutation + grch. gennan „erzeugen“] * * * Mu|ta|gen [Kurzw. aus Mutation (lat. mutatio = Veränderung) u. ↑ gen], das; , e: Sammelbez. für mutagen (↑ erbgutverändernd) wirkende, d. h. Erbänderungen… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Mutagen — Mu|ta|gen 〈n. 11〉 chem. od. physikal. Agens, das Mutationen auslöst * * * Mu|ta|gen [Kurzw. aus Mutation (lat. mutatio = Veränderung) u. ↑ gen], das; , e: Sammelbez. für mutagen (↑ erbgutverändernd) wirkende, d. h. Erbänderungen (Mutationen)… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • mutagen — UK [ˈmjuːtədʒən] / US [ˈmjutədʒən] noun [countable] Word forms mutagen : singular mutagen plural mutagens biology a substance that produces a genetic mutation …   English dictionary

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