Treviso Arithmetic

The Treviso Arithmetic, or "Arte dell'Abbaco", is an anonymous textbook in commercial arithmetic written in vernacular Venetian and published in Treviso, Italy in 1478.

The author tells us his reason for writing his textbook: [David Eugene Smith "The First Printed Arithmetic (Treviso, 1478)," "Isis", 6 (1924): 311-331, at p. 314]

The Treviso Arithmetic is the earliest known printed mathematics book in the West, and one of the first printed European textbooks dealing with a science.

The Arithmetic as an early printed book

There appears to have been only one edition of the work. David Eugene Smith translated parts of the Treviso Arithmetic for educational purposes in 1907. Frank J. Swetz translated the complete work using Smith's notes in 1987 in his "Capitalism & Arithmetic: The New Math of the 15th Century". Swetz used a copy of the Treviso housed in the Manuscript Library at Columbia University. The volume found its way to this collection via a curious route. Maffeo Pinelli (1785), an Italian bibliophile, is the first known owner. After his death his library was purchased by a London book dealer and sold at auction on February 6, 1790. The book was obtained for "three shillings" by Mr. Wodhull [Swetz, Frank, J. 1987. "Capitalism and Arithmetic". La Salle: Open Court.] . About 100 years later the Arithmetic appeared in the library of Brayton Ives, a New York lawyer. When Ives sold the collection of books at auction, George Plimpton, a New York publisher, acquired the Treviso and made it an acquisition to his extensive collection of early scientific texts. Plimpton donated his library to Columbia University in 1936. [Swetz, 34] . Original copies of the Treviso Arithmetic are extremely rare.

There are 123 pages of text with 32 lines of print to a page. The pages are unnumbered, untrimmed and have wide margins. Some of the margins contain written notes. The size of the book is 14.5 cm by 20.6 cm.

The book included information taken from the 1202 Liber Abaci, such as lattice multiplication. George G. Joseph, "Crest of the Peacock' suggests that Napier read this book to create Napier's bones, or Napier's rods.

Why it was made

The Treviso Arithmetic is a practical book intended for self study and for use in Venetian trade. It is written in vernacular Venetian and communicated knowledge to a large population.

It helped to end the monopoly on mathematical knowledge and gave important information to the middle class. It was not written for a large audience, but intended to teach mathematics of everyday currency.

The Treviso became one of the first mathematics books that were written for the expansion of human knowledge. It gave opportunity for the common person to learn the art of computation instead of only a privileged few. The Treviso Arithmetic provided an early example of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system and computational algorithms. [Swetz, 26]

ee also

*Ars Magna (Gerolamo Cardano) (1510)
*Trigonometria (1595)

Notes

References

*Boyer, Carl. 1991. "A History of Mathematics". New York City: Wiley.
*Buck-Morss, Susan. "Envisioning Capital: Political Economy on Display." Critical Inquiry 21, no. 2 (1995): 434-436. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0093-1896(199524)21%3A2%3C434%3AECPEOD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S (15 November 2006).
*Carter, Baker. 2006. "The Role of the History of Mathematics in Middle School". Presentation at East Tennessee University, August 28.
*Gazale, Midhat, J. 2000. "Number". Princeton: Princeton University Press.
*Newman, J, R. 1956. "The World of Mathematics". New York City: Simon & Schuster.
*Peterson, Ivars. 1996. "Old and New Arithmetic". Mathematical Association of America. http://www.maa.org/mathland/mathland_8_5.html (accessed October 11, 2006).
*Swetz, Frank, J. 1987. "Capitalism and Arithmetic". La Salle: Open Court.

External links

* [http://www.republicaveneta.com/doc/abaco.pdf Full text of the Treviso Arithmetic]