- Subartu
The land of Subar (Sumerian Su-bir4/Subar/Šubur) or Subartu (Akkadian "Šubartum/Subartum/ina Šú-ba-ri", Assyrian "mât Šubarri") was situated at the
Tigris , north ofBabylonia . The name also appears in theAmarna letters , and, in the form "Šbr", inUgarit .Name
The Sumerian mythological epic "
Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta " lists the countries where the "languages are confused" as Subartu,Hamazi ,Sumer , Uri-ki (Akkad ), and the Martu land (theAmorites ). Similarly, the earliest references to the "four quarters" by the kings of Akkad name Subartu as one of these quarters around Akkad, along with Martu,Elam , andSumer .Subartu was listed as a province of the empire of
Lugal-Anne-Mundu ; in a later eraSargon of Akkad campaigned against Subar, andNaram-Sin listed Subar along with the "Armani" (Armenians ), among the lands under his control.Ishbi-Erra ofIsin andHammurabi also claimed victories over Subar.In Neo-Babylonian times (under
Nabopolassar ,Nebuchadrezzar II andNabonidus ), Subartu was used as a generic term forAssyria .The term was still current underCambyses II , who mentions Subarian captives.Most scholars accept "Subartu" as an early name for Assyria proper on the Tigris, although there are various other theories placing it sometimes a little farther to the east, north or west of there.
We can also notice a mention of "Subartu" in the "Poem of Erra" (IV, 132) with other lands which have harassed Babylonia [BOTTERO Jean, KRAMER Samuel Noah, "Lorsque les dieux faisaient l'homme", Gallimard, Paris, 1989, p.704.] .
ee also
*
Shubria Literature
* Arthur Ungnad, "Die ältesten Völkerwanderungen Vorderasiens. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte und Kultur der Semiten, Arier, Hethiter und Subaräer." Kulturfragen 1, 1923, 4-8.
* Arthur Ungnad, "Subartu, Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte und Völkerkunde Vorderasiens" (Berlin/Leipzig 1936).References
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