Kōzan-ji

Kōzan-ji

Nihongo|Kōzan-ji|高山寺, or nihongo|Toganoo-san Kōzan-ji|栂尾山高山寺, is an Omuro Buddhist temple located in Ume-ga-hata Toganoo-chō, Ukyō Ward, Kyoto, Japan. The temple was founded by famous monk Myōe and is renowned for its numerous national treasures and important cultural properties, in particular the famous picture scroll called Chōjū-giga. The temple celebrates Biyakkōshin, Zenmyōshin and Kasuga Myōjin, as well as the temple's tutelary Shintō deity. In 1994, it was registered as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto".

History

Togano, located deep in the mountains behind Jingo-ji temple, which are famous for their autumn foliage, is considered an ideal location for mountain asceticism, and there have long been many small temples in this location. In addition to Kozan-ji, there have been other temples in the area, such as Nihongo|Toganoo-ji|度賀尾寺 and Nihongo|Toganoo-bō|都賀尾坊. According to legend, these were said to have been established by the imperial orders of Emperor Kōnin in 774, however, the accuracy of these claims is not clear.

In 1206, Myōe, a Kegon Buddhist priest who had been serving at nearby Jingo-ji, was granted the land to construct a temple by Emperor Go-Toba. He selected the name Nihongo|Hiidetemazukouzanwoterasuyama-no-tera|日出先照高山之寺. The temple's name was taken from a line in the Avatamsaka sutra: Nihongo|"When the sun appears, it first casts its light upon the highest mountain."|日、出でて、まず高き山を照らす|hi, idete, mazu takakiyama wo terasu.

The temple was destroyed numerous times by fire and war. The oldest extant building is Nihongo|Sekisui-in|石水院, which dates from the Kamakura Period.

Layout

Jingo-ji houses a diagram of Kōzan-ji that was drawn in 1230, some 20 years after it was constructed. The diagram is registered as an important cultural property, because it shows the original layout of the temple. From the diagram, we know that Kōzan-ji originally consisted of a large gate, a main hall, a three-storied pagoda, a hall dedicated to Amitabha, a hall dedicated to Lohan, a bell tower, a scripture hall, and a Shinto shrine dedicated to the tutelary deity of the area. However, all of these buildings have since been destroyed, save for the scripture hall, which is now known as Sekisui-in.

In addition to Sekisui-in, today's Kōzan-ji also contains a main hall (originally part of Ninna-ji, relocated to Kōzan-ji) and a hall dedicated to the founding of the temple, which houses an important carved wooden bust of Myōe. Both of these buildings, however, are modern reconstructions.

Cultural Properties

The temple possesses numerous national treasures and important cultural properties, however, the majority of them are currently on loan to national museums in Kyoto and Tokyo.

National Treasures

* Sekisui-in - Built in the Kamakura Period. Irimoyazukuri style, having a gabled, hipped, shingled roof.
* Chōjū-giga
* - created in the Kamakura period, this picture scroll portrays the lives of Korean Kegon founders Uisang and Wonhyo.
* - A portrait of Myōe also known as Nihongo|Jujō Zazen-zō|樹上座禅像 and created during the Kamakura period. In contrast to the standard image of a Buddhist monk, this picture features a tiny Myōe surrounded by mountains.
* - A portrait created in the Kamakura Period at the end of the 12th century.
* - a Tang period copy of a Chinese dictionary created during the Liang Dynasty. This is the oldest Chinese character dictionary in Japan.
* - valued as the only remaining copy of an old kanji dictionary compiled by Kūkai. It was copied in 1114.
* - A Tang period collection of Buddhist tales. Now disappeared from China, this is the only known copy in existence.

Important Cultural Properties

An incredible number of buildings, picture scrolls, carvings, furnishings and old writings have been registered as important cultural properties. The most significant among these include:
* A lacquered wooden statue of Bhaisajyaguru in seated posture created towards the end of the Nara period. Originally the center of a "sanzonzō" (a trio of Buddhist statues with the primary image in the center and flanked by two attendants), the attendant images were removed during the Meiji period. The image of Suryaprabha now rests in the Tokyo National Museum, and the image of the Chandraprabha in the university museum of the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music.
* A wooden statue of Myoe in sitting posture created in the Kamakura Period and located in the hall dedicated to the founding of the temple.
* A pair of wooden deer statues created in the Kamakura period. These statues, of a buck and a doe, were uniquely constructed to look like "komainu", the lion statues that guard the entrance to a Shinto shrine. Deer are messengers of Kasuga Myōjin, the temple god, and as such, it is believed that these statues were placed in front of Kasuga Myōjin's altar.
* A statue of Biyakkoshin in standing posture, constructed in the early Kamakura period. As the name indicates, the statue is painted white in its entirety--from its clothes to the pedestal. This is said to represent the snow of the Himalayas.
* A wooden statue of Zenmyōshin constructed in the early Kamakura period. Much of the vivid paint still remains, and this statue, along with Biyakkō-shin, is said to be the work of famed Buddhist sculptor Tankei.
* The Kōzan-ji document archive, which contains thousands of scriptures and records, some of which date back to the Heian Period.
* - a record of Myōe's dreams from 1196 to 1223. His dreams are said to have exerted a great deal of influence on his religious thinking.

References

Much of the content of this article comes from the equivalent Japanese-language article, accessed on July 27, 2006.

External links

* [http://www.pref.kyoto.jp/visitkyoto/en/theme/sites/shrines/w_heritage/10/ Kyoto Prefectural Tourism Guide for Kōzan-ji]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Kozan — may refer to: *Kozan, Hiroshima in Japan *Kozan, Adana in Turkey …   Wikipedia

  • Kozan — bezeichnet die Stadt Kozan (Türkei) (vormals Sis) in der Provinz Adana, Türkei das zypriotische Dorf Larnakas tis Lapithou Diese Seite ist eine Begriffsklärung zur Unterscheidung mehrerer mit demselben Wort bezeichneter Begr …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • kozan- — statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Dėmuo, reiškiantis, kad alkane yra nuo 20 iki 29 C atomų. atitikmenys: angl. cosane rus. козан …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • Kozan — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Kozan peut désigner Kozan chef lieu de district dans la province d Adana en Turquie ancienne Sis Barrage de Kozan barrage rivière Kilgen en amont de la… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Kozan — Original name in latin Kozan Name in other language Flaviopolis, Kozan, Sis State code TR Continent/City Europe/Istanbul longitude 37.45517 latitude 35.81573 altitude 140 Population 88115 Date 2012 01 18 …   Cities with a population over 1000 database

  • Kozan — Admin ASC 2 Code Orig. name Kozan Country and Admin Code TR.81.7911055 TR …   World countries Adminstrative division ASC I-II

  • Kozan Hotel — (Анталья,Турция) Категория отеля: 2 звездочный отель Адрес: Genclik Mah 1312 Sok No:6, 07070 Антал …   Каталог отелей

  • Kōzan, Hiroshima — Kozan (甲山町; cho) was a town located in Sera District, Hiroshima, Japan. On October 1, 2004 the town merged to form the new town of Sera and no longer exists as an independent municipality.As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,732… …   Wikipedia

  • Kozan, Adana — Infobox Settlement settlement type = Town subdivision type = Country subdivision name = TUR timezone=EET utc offset=+2 map caption =Location of Kozan, Adana within Turkey. timezone DST=EEST utc offset DST=+3official name = Kozan image caption =… …   Wikipedia

  • Kozan (Adana) — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Sis. Kozan Sis Ruines de l ancienne capitale …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”