Canine minute virus

Canine minute virus
EM of canine parvovirus
Virus classification
Group:	Group II (ssDNA)
Family:	Parvoviridae
Genus:	Bocavirus
Species:	Canine minute virus

Canine minute virus is a type of virus of the family Parvoviridae that infects dogs. It is most similar to bovine parvovirus in its protein structure and DNA.^[1] A virus causing respiratory disease in humans has been called human bocavirus due to its similarity to both these viruses (bovine canine virus).^[2] Canine minute virus was originally discovered in Germany in 1967 in military dogs,^[3] although it was originally thought to not cause disease. Dogs and puppies are infected orally, and the virus is spread transplacentally to the fetuses. Symptoms are seen most commonly between the ages of one to three weeks^[3] and include severe diarrhea, difficulty breathing, and anorexia. In severe cases it is fatal.

In experimental infections, the virus is spread transplacentally when the dam is infected between 25 and 30 days of gestation and can result in abortion. When the dam is infected between 30 and 35 days, the puppies were sometimes born with myocarditis and anasarca.^[3] Pathological lesions in fetuses in experimental infections were found in the lung and small intestine.^[4]

Virology

The genome is 5.4-kilobbases in length. The termini are palindromic. There is a single P6 promoter which through the mechanism of alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation two nonstructural proteins (NS1 and NP1) and two capsid proteins (VP1 and VP2) are transcribed. The NS1 protein is indispensable for genome replication. The NP1 protein, unique to the Bocavirus genus, appears to be critical for optimal viral replication, as the NP1 knockout mutant of MVC suffers from severe impairment of replication.

References

1. ^ Schwartz D, Green B, Carmichael L, Parrish C (2002). "The canine minute virus (minute virus of canines) is a distinct parvovirus that is most similar to bovine parvovirus". Virology 302 (2): 219–23. doi:10.1006/viro.2002.1674. PMID 12441065. 
2. ^ McIntosh K (2006). "Human bocavirus: developing evidence for pathogenicity". J Infect Dis 194 (9): 1197–9. doi:10.1086/508228. PMID 17041844. 
3. ^ ^{a b c} Carmichael, L. (2004). "Neonatal Viral Infections of Pups: Canine Herpesvirus and Minute Virus of Canines (Canine Parvovirus-1)". Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases. http://www.ivis.org/advances/Infect_Dis_Carmichael/carmichael/chapter_frm.asp?LA=1. Retrieved 2006-06-25. 
4. ^ Hashimoto A (1999). "Canine parvovirus type-1 (MVC): Pathomorphological studies on the experimentally infected fetus and MVC-infected cultured cells". Canine Infectious Diseases: From Clinics to Molecular Pathogenesis. http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/Baker_Can_Inf_Dis/vdb31/d31_frm.asp. Retrieved 2007-04-07. 

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