Nutrition disorder

Nutrition disorder
Nutrition disorder
Classification and external resources
MeSH D009748

Nutritional diseases are diseases in humans that are directly or indirectly caused by a lack of essential nutrients in the diet. Nutritional diseases are commonly associated with chronic malnutrition. Additionally, conditions such as obesity from overeating can also cause, or contribute to, serious health problems. Excessive intake of some nutrients can cause acute poisoning.

Contents

Overnutrition

Main article: Overnutrition

Metabolic

Obesity is caused by consuming too many calories compared to the amount of exercise the body is performing, causing a distorted energy balance. It can lead to diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Obesity is a condition in which the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans and other mammals, is increased to a point where it is associated with certain health conditions or increased mortality.

The low-cost food that is generally affordable to the poor in affluent nations is low in nutritional value and high in fats, sugars and additives. In rich countries, therefore, obesity is oftentimes a sign of poverty and malnutrition while in poorer countries obesity is more associated with wealth and good nutrition. Other non-nutritional causes for unhealthy obesity included: sleep deprivation, stress, lack of exercise, and heredity.

Acute overeating can also be a symptom of an eating disorder.

Goitrogenic foods can cause goitres by interfering with iodine uptake.

Vitamins and micronutrients

Vitamin poisoning is the condition of overly high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to toxic symptoms. The medical names of the different conditions are derived from the vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for example, is called "hypervitaminosis A".

Iron overload disorders are diseases caused by the overaccumulation of iron in the body. Organs commonly affected are the liver, heart and endocrine glands in the mouth.

Deficiencies

Main article: Malnutrition
Disability-adjusted life year for nutritional deficiencies per 100,000 inhabitants in 2002. Nutritional deficiencies included: protein-energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and iron deficiency anaemia.[1]
  no data
  less than 150
  150-300
  300-450
  450-600
  600-750
  750-900
  900-1050
  1050-1200
  1200-1350
  1350-1500
  1500-1750
  more than 1750

Proteins/fats/carbohydrates

Dietary vitamins and minerals


Complex disorders

In some cases, eating too much of one thing can induce an apparent deficiency of something else. A common example occurs when livestock eat locoweed: locoweed contains a toxin that inhibits enzymes, simulating a deficiency of the enzymes.

Foot notes

  1. ^ "Mortality and Burden of Disease Estimates for WHO Member States in 2002" (xls). World Health Organization. 2002. http://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/statistics/bodgbddeathdalyestimates.xls. 
  2. ^ "Malnutrition Is Cheating Its Survivors, and Africa’s Future" article in the New York Times by Michael Wines, December 28, 2006

See also

v · d · ePathology: Medical conditions and ICD code
(Disease / Disorder / Illness, Syndrome / Sequence, Symptom / Sign, Injury, etc.)
(A/B, 001–139)
(C/D,
140–239 &
279–289)
Cancer (C00–D48, 140–239)
Myeloid hematologic (D50–D77, 280–289)
Lymphoid immune (D80–D89, 279)
Immunodeficiency · Immunoproliferative disorder · Hypersensitivity
(E, 240–278)
(F, 290–319)
(G, 320–359)
(H, 360–389)
(I, 390–459)
(J, 460–519)
(K, 520–579)
(L, 680–709)
(M, 710–739)
(N, 580–629)
(O, 630–679)
(P, 760–779)
(Q, 740–759)
(R, 780–799)
(S/T, 800–999)
v · d · eNutrition disorders (E40–E68, 260–269)
Hypoalimentation/
malnutrition
Other
vitamins
A: Vitamin A deficiency/Bitot's spots · C: Scurvy · D: Hypovitaminosis D/Rickets/Osteomalacia · E: Vitamin E deficiency · K: Vitamin K deficiency
Hyperalimentation
Mineral overload
see inborn errors of metal metabolism, toxicity

M: NUT

cof, enz, met

noco, nuvi, sysi/epon, met

drug(A8/11/12)

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