Julius Friedrich Cohnheim

Julius Friedrich Cohnheim
Julius Friedrich Cohnheim
Born	July 20, 1839 Demmin, Pomerania
Died	August 15, 1884 Leipzig
Nationality	Germany
Fields	pathology

Julius Friedrich Cohnheim (July 20, 1839 – August 15, 1884) was a German-Jewish pathologist.

Biography

Cohnheim was born at Demmin, Pomerania. He studied at the universities of Würzburg, Marburg, Greifswald, and Berlin, receiving his doctor's degree at the University of Berlin in 1861. After taking a postgraduate course in Prague, he returned to Berlin in 1862, where he practised until 1864, when he took service as surgeon in the war against Denmark. In the fall of the same year he became assistant at the pathological institute of Berlin University under Rudolf Virchow, remaining there until 1868. During this time he published several articles relating to physiological chemistry and histology, but finally turned his especial attention to pathological anatomy. In 1867 there appeared in Virchow's "Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medizin" (xli) Cohnheim's essay, "Ueber Entzündung und Eiterung", which made his reputation as a pathologist. In it he proved that the emigration of the white blood-corpuscles is the origin of pus, a statement which produced a great revolution in pathology. In 1868 Cohnheim was appointed professor of pathological anatomy and general pathology in the University of Kiel; and four years later (1872) he went to the University of Breslau to fill a similar position. His work there was interrupted in the winter of 1873-74 by illness. In 1876 he accepted an invitation to become professor of pathology in the University of Leipzig, which chair he occupied until his death.

Cohnheim was the first to use the now universal method of freezing fresh pathological objects for examination; he also first demonstrated nerve-termination in "Cohnheim's areas" (polygonal areas indicating the cut ends of muscle-columns, seen in the cross-sections of striated muscle-fiber); he was the pioneer in the theory of inflammation, which is now universally accepted; and his researches in the field of pathological circulation and the causes of embolism marked a new departure in the methods of medical treatment.

Aside from his literary and experimental activity, Cohnheim was both popular and successful as a teacher.

He died in Leipzig in 1884.

Selected works

"Ueber die Entzündung Seröser Häute," in Virchow's "Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medizin," xxvii.; "Zur Kenntniss der Zuckerbildenden Fermente," ib. xxviii.; "Ein Fall von Abscessen in Amyloid Entarteten Organen," ib. xxxiii.; "Ueber die Endigung der Muskelnerven," ib. xxxiv., and in the "Centralblatt der Medizinischen Wissenschaften," 1863; "Ueber den Feineren Bau der Quergestreiften Muskelfasern," ib. xxxiv. (demonstration of the "Cohnheimsche Muskelfelder" by freezing fresh muscles); "Zur Pathologischen Anatomic der Trichinen-Krankheiten," ib. xxxvi.; "Ueber die Endigung der Sensiblen Nerven in der Hornhaut," ib. xxxviii. (demonstration of the termination of the nerves in the cornea through treatment with chlorid of gold); "Ueber Entzündung und Eiterung," ib. xli. (mentioned above); "Ueber Venöse Stauung," ib. xli.; with Bernhard Fränkel, "Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Uebertragbarkeit der Tuberkulose auf Thiere," ib. xlv.; "Untersuchungen über die Embolischen Processe," Berlin, 1872; "Neue Untersuchungen über die Entzündung," ib. 1873; "Vorlesungen über Allgemeine Pathologie," ib. 1877-80, 2d ed. 1882; "Die Tuberkulose vom Standpunkt der Infectionslehre," Leipsic, 2d ed., 1881. His collected works ("Gesammelte Abhandlungen," Berlin, 1885) were edited by E. Wagner, with a biography by Kühne.

References

• This article incorporates text from the 1901–1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, a publication now in the public domain.
• Wohlgemuth, B; Borte, G (1989), "[The 150th birthday of Julius Cohnheim]", Zeitschrift für ärztliche Fortbildung 83 (14): 743–5, PMID 2678773 
• Grundmann, E (1985), "[The concept of Julius Cohnheim on tumor formation and metastasis from the viewpoint of new research results]", Zentralblatt für allgemeine Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie 130 (4): 323–31, PMID 3911652 
• Borte, G (1985), "[Life and places of activity of Julius Cohnheim]", Zentralblatt für allgemeine Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie 130 (4): 291–7, PMID 3911650 
• "[Julius Cohnheim (20 July 1839-15 August 1884) and his work. Papers from a festschrift]", Zentralblatt für allgemeine Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie 130 (4): 281–347, 1985, PMID 3911648 
• Malkin, H M (1984), "Julius Cohnheim (1839-1884). His life and contributions to pathology.", Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 14 (5): 335–42, PMID 6383186 
• Maulitz, R C (1978), "Rudolf Virchow, Julius Cohnheim and the program of pathology.", Bulletin of the history of medicine 52 (2): 162–82, PMID 361110 
• , (1968), "Julius Cohnheim (1839-1884) experimental pathologist.", JAMA 206 (7): 1561–2, 1968 Nov 11, doi:10.1001/jama.206.7.1561, PMID 4879583 
• DOERR, W (1960), "[On the 75th anniversary of the death of Julius Cohnheim.]", Ärztliche Wochenschrift 15: 78–82, 1960 Jan 29, PMID 13817213 

Persondata
Name	Cohnheim, Julius Friedrich
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	July 20, 1839
Place of birth	Demmin, Pomerania
Date of death	August 15, 1884
Place of death	Leipzig