Giuliano Amato

Infobox Prime Minister
honorific-prefix = Onorevole
name = Giuliano Amato

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order = Italian Minister of the Interior
term_start = 17 May 2006
term_end = May 8, 2008
primeminister = Romano Prodi
deputy = Marco Minniti
predecessor = Giuseppe Pisanu
successor = Roberto Maroni
order2 = 71st and 77th
Prime Minister of Italy
president2 = Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
term_start2 = 25 April 2000
term_end2 = 11 June 2001
predecessor2 = Massimo D'Alema
successor2 = Silvio Berlusconi
president3 = Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
term_start3 = 28 June 1992
term_end3 = 28 April 1993
predecessor3 = Giulio Andreotti
successor3 = Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
order4 = Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs
term_start4 = July 29, 1992
term_end4 = August 1, 1992
predecessor4 = Vincenzo Scotti
successor4 = Emilio Colombo
primeminister4 = "Himself"
term_start5 = June 6, 2001
term_end5 = June 11, 2001
predecessor5 = Lamberto Dini
successor5 = Renato Ruggiero
primeminister5 = "Himself"
order6 = Italian Minister of the Exchequer and Deputy Prime Minister
primeminister6 = Giovanni Goria
Ciriaco De Mita
predecessor6 = Giovanni Goria
successor6 = Guido Carli
term_start6 = July 7, 1987
term_end6 = July 22, 1989
order7 = Italian Minister for Institutional Reforms
primeminister7 = Massimo D'Alema
predecessor7 = Franco Bassanini
successor7 = Antonio Maccanico
term_start7 = November 21, 1998
term_end7 = May 13, 1999
order8 = Italian Minister of exchequer, budget and economy programming
primeminister8 = Massimo D'Alema
predecessor8 = Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
successor8 = Vincenzo Visco
term_start8 = May 13, 1999
term_end8 = April 25, 2000
order 9 = Italian Minister of University and Research
primeminister9 = "Himself"
predecessor9 = Ortensio Zecchino
successor9 = Letizia Moratti
term_start9 = February 2, 2001
term_end9 = July 11, 2001
order10 = Member of the Chamber of deputies
constituency10 = XII - Toscana
term_start10 = April 21, 2006
term_end10 =
birth_date = Birth date and age|1938|5|13|mf=y
birth_place = Turin, Italy
nationality = Italian
alma_mater = Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
profession = University professor
Politician
children = Elisa Amato
Lorenzo Amato
spouse = Diana Vincenzi
residence = Rome, Italy
party = Democratic Party

Giuliano Amato (born May 13, 1938) is an Italian politician. He was Prime Minister of Italy twice, first from 1992 to 1993 and then from 2000 to 2001. He was more recently Vice President of the Convention on the Future of Europe that drafted the new European Constitution and headed the Amato Group. He is commonly nicknamed "dottor Sottile", (which means both "Dr. Thin" and "Doctor Subtilis", a joke about both his physical thinness and his political insightfulness). From 2006 to 2008, he was the Minister of the Interior in Romano Prodi's government.

Biography

Born in Turin, Amato grew up in Tuscany. He received a first degree in law from the University of Pisa in 1960, while attending the prestigious Collegio Medico-Giuridico, now Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, and a masters degree in comparative law from Columbia University in 1963. After teaching at the Universities of Modena, Perugia and Florence, he worked as professor of Italian and Comparative Constitutional Law at the University of Rome La Sapienza from 1975 to 1997.

Amato began his political career in 1958, when he joined the Italian Socialist Party. He was a Member of Parliament from 1983 to 1993. He was Undersecretary of State to the Prime Minister's office from 1983 to 1987, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for the Treasury from 1987 to 1988, then again Treasury Minister, from 1988 to 1989.

From June 1992 to April 1993, Amato served as Prime Minister. During those ten months, a series of corruption scandals rocked Italy and swept away almost an entire class of political leaders. Amato himself was never implicated, notwithstanding how close he was to Bettino Craxi, a central figure in the corruption system.

As Prime Minister, Amato responded effectively to two devaluations of the Lira in the wake of currency speculation that led Italy to be expelled from the European Monetary System by cutting the budget deficit drastically, thus taking the first steps in the road that would bring Italy to adopt the Euro. He asked Italians "to put one hand on their hearts and get their wallets out with the other" to save the country from bankruptcy.

At a point, his government was harshly contested because of a decree that suddenly moved the competence for corruption investigations into the hands of the police, which, being controlled directly by the government, would have not been independent. Fearing that the new system would have effectively blocked investigations on political corruption, Italians took to the streets in massive, spontaneous rallies. President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro refused to sign the decree, deeming it blatantly unconstitutional. While his justice minister Giovanni Conso took the blame, it has been disputed whether Amato was a victim of circumstances or whether he really wanted to save the corruption-ridden system.

At the end of his period as Prime Minister, Amato gave a speech to the Parliament in which he solemnly promised that at end of his term he would retire from politics, stressing that his was a true commitment and that he would not break this promise as some politicians (whom he characterized as "mandarins") used to do. However, this promise was short-lived; Amato has regularly come under criticism for having made such a solemn commitment and failìng to keep it.

Amato was President of the Italian antitrust authority from November 1994 to December 1997, Minister for Institutional Reforms in Massimo D'Alema's first government from October 1998 to May 1999, and, once again, Treasury Minister in D'Alema's second government from December 1999 to April 2000. Amato was nearly elected President of the Republic and was a close contender to replace Michel Camdessus as head of the International Monetary Fund.

Amato served as Prime Minister again from April 2000 to May 2001. He promoted economic competitiveness as well as social protection. In addition to economic reforms, he pushed ahead with political and institutional reforms, trying to deal with a weak executive and fragmented legislature.

In December 2001, European Union leaders at the European Council in Laeken appointed Amato and former Belgian Prime Minister Jean-Luc Dehaene to be Vice Presidents of the Convention on the Future of Europe to assist former French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing in the drafting of the new European Constitution.

Amato was a Member of the Senate representing the constituency of Grosseto in Tuscany from 2001 to 2006. In 2006, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the Olive Tree list, and he was named Minister of the Interior in Romano Prodi's centre-left government.

Amato is married to Ms Diana Amato, a professor of Family Law at the University of Rome. They have two children, Elisa and Lorenzo, and five grandchildren, Giulia, Marco, Simone, Elena and Irene.

External links

* [http://www.geocities.com/giulianoamato/ Giuliano Amato Home Page (unofficial, in English and in Italian)]
* [http://www.project-syndicate.org/contributors/contributor_comm.php4?id=146 Giuliano Amato's Project Syndicate op/eds]
* [http://www.luiss.it/mes/faculty/giuliano-amato/ Giuliano Amato teaching at LUISS Guido Carli University in Rome for the Master in European Studies]

s-ttl|title=Member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies
Legislatures
XV|years=2006 - 2008))

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