Wudu according to the four Madhhab

:"This article is about Hygiene in Islam".

Wudu according to the four maddhab is a description of the principles of wudu according to the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh): Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki and Shafi'i. The issues discussed are how to perform wudu and when wudu is considered invalid. Listed here along with the four Sunni Madhabs is the main Shia Madhab, the Jafari Madhab.

Performing wudu

Hanafi

Please refer to the detailed description given in the Hanafi fiqh book "Talimul Haq", chapter on "Wudhu". You may find this chapter online at http://www.inter-islam.org/Actions/Part3.html

Hanbali

Maliki

hafii

hia

The conditions for a correct Wudhu are mentioned as below:
#The water should be clean.
#The water should be pure (unmixed).
#The water must be Mubah, i.e. it should not be usurped. Wudhu with usurped water is not correct.
#The container of the water used for Wudhu should not be made of gold or silver.
#The container or vessel which contains the water should be Mubah, unusurped.
#Parts of the body on which Wudhu is performed should be Pak, at the time of washing and wiping.
#The seventh condition is that the person doing Wudhu should have sufficient time at his disposal for Wudhu and prayer.
#Wudhu should be performed in the prescribed sequence.
#The acts of Wudhu should be done one after the other, without time gap in between.
#A person doing Wudhu should wash his hands and face and wipe his head and feet himself.
#There should be no constraint for using water.
#There should be no impediment in the way of water reaching the parts of Wudhu.

Steps of Wudu are:

#Make the intention to perform wudu in the heart.
#Shape the right hand like a cup and take water into it. Afterwards, splash the water on the top of the head and wipe down ONCE with the right hand, washing the parts of the face only between the middle finger and thumb (when stretched out). It isn't necessary to wash the mustache and beard unless you can see the skin. Then, it is obligatory to wash the visible skin. It is obligatory to wash from the area where the hair normally grows to the chin. You must also wipe the topmost part of the neck (across the jaw).
#Shape the left hand like a cup and take water into it. Afterwards, splash this water onto your right forearm and wash your right forearm ONCE (covering the right forearm in water, leaving no spot dry). Wipe from the elbow to the fingers, and not from the fingers to the elbow.
#Repeat this process except with the left forearm.
#WITHOUT taking more water, wipe your hair from the middle to up to the forehead using your right hand; three fingers ONLY. If you are balding, you would wash your hair as if it were growing when you had a full head of hair. It is NOT allowed to wipe the hair using an obstacle (such as wiping a hat or a turban instead of the hair/skin). It is not obligatory to wipe the actual skin on the head.
#WITHOUT taking more water, wipe the top of your right foot with your right hand. You only must wipe with a swiping motion once and it is recommended to use three fingers. It is NOT allowed to wipe the feet using an obstacle (such as wiping the shoes or socks instead of the skin).
#Do the same thing, except using your left hand and wiping your left foot.

This is based on the 6th Ayat of Surah al-Ma'ida (Qur'an 5:6) which states:

"O you who believe! when you rise up to prayer, wash your faces and your hands as far as the elbows, wipe your heads and your feet to the ankles..."

Imam Ali^as and the other Imams have stated that there are Mustahab, or recommended actions to wudu along with the above mentioned method.. There is no sin in leaving these out, but by doing them you will be rewarded by Allah. These are stated in Shia Hadiths. See: Nahj al Balagha.

Invalidation of wudu

Wudu is considered invalid ('broken') when certain conditions prevail. These conditions differ in the various fiqh.

Hanafi

*Passing wind or fluid from any part of the body.
*Deep sleep in a "reclining" position; sleeping in a sitting, kneeling or standing position does not break the wudu.
*Loss of senses.
*Vomiting.
*Spitting saliva consisting mainly of blood.
*Laughing very loudly during prayer
*To lose blood to a point where it begins to run.

Hanbali

*Going to the bathroom or passing wind.
*Deep sleep.
*Emission of semen.
*Vomiting.
*Emission of blood or pus.
*Eating the meat of an animal not slaughtered in the name of Allah.
*Coming in contact with the saliva of a dog or unclean animals (except cats).

Maliki

*Defecation, urination or passing wind.
*Deep sleep.
*Loss of ones senses.
*Emission of semen.
*Having doubts regarding whether one's wudu is valid.

hafii

From Reliance of the Traveler, e7.0 - e7.6:
*Anything that exits from the private parts.
*Loss of intellect through sleep, etc (except for sleep while continuously and firmly seated on the ground).
*Touching the private parts with bare hands.
*Touching the skin of someone of the opposite sex when they are not each other's unmarriable kin.

hia Jafari

Wudhu becomes void on account of the following seven things:
* Passing of urine,
* Excretion,
* Passing wind from the rear,
* Sleep (deep enough to restrict sight and hearing),
* Insanity,
* Intoxication,
* Unconsciousness,
* Every state which requires Ghusl, e.g. Janabat

[http://majalla.org/books/law/wudhu.htm Laws Governing Ritual Purity] .

ee also

* Tayammum
* Salah

References