1585

Year 1585 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1585

January - June

* January 12 - The Netherlands adopts the Gregorian calendar.
* February - The Spanish seize Brussels.
* April 24 - Pope Sixtus V succeeds Pope Gregory XIII as the 227th pope.

July - December

* July 7 - The Treaty of Nemours forces King Henry III of France to capitulate to the demands of the Catholic League.
* August 8 - John Davis enters Cumberland Sound in his quest for the Northwest Passage.
* August 17 - Antwerp is captured by Spanish forces under the Prince of Parma.
* August 20 - The Treaty of Nonsuch is signed, committing England to support the Dutch Revolt.

Undated

* The Eighth War of Religion (also known as the War of the Three Henrys) begins in France.

* Chocolate is introduced to Europe commercially.
* England enters the Eighty Years' War.
* Sir Walter Raleigh sends an expedition to establish a colony on Roanoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina. The settlers face many problems, and soon abandon the colony.

Births

* January 27 - Hendrick Avercamp, Dutch painter (d. 1634)
* March 5 - John George I, Elector of Saxony (d. 1656)
* March 16 - Gerbrand Adriaensz Bredero, Dutch writer (d. 1618)
* March 22 – Krzysztof Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman (d. 1640)
* June 11 - Evert Horn, Swedish soldier (d. 1615)
* September 9 - Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, French statesman (d. 1642)
* October – John Ball, English puritan divine (d. 1640)
* October 9 - Heinrich Schütz, German composer (d. 1672)
* October 15 - Louis Cappel, French Protestant churchman and scholar (d. 1658)
* October 28 - Cornelius Jansen, French bishop of Ypres and religious reformer (d. 1638)
* November 1 - Jan Brożek, Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer (d. 1652)
* December 4 - John Cotton, founder of Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1652)
* December 13 - William Drummond of Hawthornden, Scottish poet (d. 1649)
*"date unknown"
**Zachary Boyd, Scottish religious writer (d. 1653)
**Ambrose Barlow, Catholic priest and martyr (d. 1641)
**Thomas Preston, 1st Viscount Tara, Irish soldier (d. 1655)
**Lucilio Vanini, Italian free-thinker (d. 1619)
**Alexander Whitaker, Virginia Colony religious leader (d. 1616)
*"probable"
**Uriel da Costa, Portuguese Jewish philosopher (d. 1640)
**Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses, Spanish novelist (d. 1638)
**Francesco Fontana, Italian lawyer and astronomer (d. 1656)
**Jacob Le Maire, Dutch mariner (d. 1616)

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Deaths

* January 16 - Edward Fiennes Clinton, English admiral (b. 1512)
* February 6 - Edmund Plowden, English legal scholar (b. 1518)
* February 13 - Alfonso Salmeron, Spanish Jesuit biblical scholar (b. 1515)
* March 10 - Rembert Dodoens, Flemish physician and botanist (b. 1517)
* April 3 - Thomas Goldwell, English ecclesiastic
* April 10 - Pope Gregory XIII (b. 1502)
* May 15 - Niwa Nagahide, Japanese warlord (b. 1535)
* June 4 - Muretus, French humanist (b. 1526)
* June 21 – Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (b. 1532)
* July 6 - Thomas Aufield, English Catholic martyr (b. 1552)
* July 28 – Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford (b. 1527)
* August 5 - Yermak Timofeyevich, Cossack leader and explorer of Siberia
* November 23 - Thomas Tallis, English composer (b. c. 1510)
* November 28 - Hernando Franco, Spanish composer (b. 1532)
* December - Pierre de Ronsard, French poet (b. 1524)
* December 4 - John Willock, Scottish reformer (b. c. 1515)
* December 22 - Vittoria Accoramboni, Italian noblewoman (b. 1557)
*"date unknown"
**Taqi al-Din, Turkish scientist (b. 1526)
**Stanisław Lubomirski (XVI-1585), Polish nobleman

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