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Events
Europe
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May 15 -Pope Innocent IV issues thepapal bull "Ad exstirpanda ", which authorizes thetorture ofheretics in theMedieval Inquisition . Torture quickly gains widespread usage across CatholicEurope .
* The first European gold coins are minted in the Italian city ofFlorence , and are known as florins.
* The Polish land of Lebus is incorporated into the German state ofBrandenburg , marking the start of Brandenburg's expansion into previously Polish areas (Neumark).
* The Swedish city ofStockholm is founded byBirger Jarl .
* TheLithuania n city ofKlaipėda ("Memel") is founded by theTeutonic Knights .
* The town and monastery ofOrval inBelgium burn to the ground; rebuilding takes 100 years.
*Thomas Aquinas travels to theUniversity of Paris to begin his studies there for amasters degree .
* Inastronomy , work begins on the recording of theAlfonsine tables .Asia
* The classic Japanese text "Jikkunsho" is completed.
* The Chinese era "Chunyou" ends.
* TheMongols take the westernmost province of theSong Dynasty empire.Births
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March 25 -Conradin , Duke of Swabia (d.1268 )
*Safi Al-Din , Persian Sufi leader
*Amadeus V of Savoy (d.1323 )
*Eleanor de Montfort , princess of Wales (d.1282 )Deaths
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March 6 -Saint Rose of Viterbo , Italian saint (b.1235 )
*May 30 - KingFerdinand III of Castile and Leon
*June 29 - KingAbel of Denmark (b.1218 )
*November 26 -Blanche of Castile , queen ofLouis VIII of France and regent of France (b.1188 )
* QueenIsabella of Armenia
*Sorghaghtani Beki , Mongolian empress and regent
*Giovanni da Pian del Carpini , Italian chronicler of the Mongol Empire
*Theobald IV of Champagne (b.1201 )
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