Cannel coal

Cannel coal

Cannel coal, also known as candle coal, is a type of coal, also classified as terrestrial type oil shale, with a large amount of hydrogen, which burns easily with a bright light and leaves little ash.

Cannel coal consists of micrinites, macerals of the exinite group, and certain inorganic materials. Cannel coal usually occurs at the top or bottom of other coals. The excess of hydrogen in a coal, above the amount necessary to combine with its oxygen to form water, is known as disposable hydrogen, and is a measure of the fitness of the coal for use in gas-making. This excess is greatest in what is known as cannel coal, the Lancashire kennel or candle coal, so named from the bright light it gives out when burning. This, although of very small value as fuel, commands a specially high price for gas-making. Cannel is more compact and duller than ordinary coal, and can be wrought in the lathe and polished. In the Durham coal-field (and possibly elsewhere) carving cannel coal into ornaments was a popular pastime amongst the miners.

In 1540, an antiquary called John Leland reported that Sir Roger Bradshaigh had discovered a plentiful shallow seam of smooth, hard, Cannel Coal on his estate, near Haigh, Greater Manchester. The deposit came to be known as the "Great Haigh fault". The shallow depth of the Cannel meant that it was suitable for the simple surface mining methods available at that time. It could be worked and carved, and was an excellent light fuel which burned with a bright flame, it was easily lit and left virtually no ash. Widely used for domestic lighting in the early 19th Century, before the incandescent gas mantle was available, it gradually lost favour; as the use of coal gas made it obsolete.

On October 17, 1850 James Young, of Glasgow, Scotland, patented a method for the extraction of paraffin ("kerosene" in North America) from cannel coal.

ee also

*Ampelite
*Kukersite
*Lamosite
*Marinite
*Tasmanite
*Torbanite

ources

* Coal, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
*Haigh, Greater Manchester


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Cannel coal — Coal Coal (k[=o]l), n. [AS. col; akin to D. kool, OHG. chol, cholo, G. kohle, Icel. kol, pl., Sw. kol, Dan. kul; cf. Skr. jval to burn. Cf. {Kiln}, {Collier}.] 1. A thoroughly charred, and extinguished or still ignited, fragment from wood or… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • cannel (coal) — or cannel [kan′əl] n. 〚< ? candle coal〛 a compact variety of bituminous coal that was formed chiefly from spores and burns with a bright, steady flame * * * …   Universalium

  • cannel (coal) — or cannel [kan′əl] n. [< ? candle coal] a compact variety of bituminous coal that was formed chiefly from spores and burns with a bright, steady flame …   English World dictionary

  • cannel (coal) — or cannel [kan′əl] n. [< ? candle coal] a compact variety of bituminous coal that was formed chiefly from spores and burns with a bright, steady flame …   English World dictionary

  • Cannel coal — Can nel coal [Corrupt. fr. candle coal.] A kind of mineral coal of a black color, sufficiently hard and solid to be cut and polished. It burns readily, with a clear, yellow flame, and on this account has been used as a substitute for candles.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • cannel coal — /kan l/ an oily, compact coal, burning readily and brightly. Also called cannel. [1530 40; cannel from CANDLE (dial. form)] * * * ▪ fossil fuel       type of hydrogen rich, sapropelic coal characterized by a dull black, sometimes waxy lustre. It… …   Universalium

  • cannel coal — noun a bituminous coal that burns with a luminous flame • Hypernyms: ↑bituminous coal, ↑soft coal * * * cannel coal see cannel n.2 …   Useful english dictionary

  • cannel coal — n nonbanded coal in which the liptinite is predominantly sporinite. DISCUSSION Transitions between cannel and boghead, that is, coals containing both types of liptinite, are also known. Microscopic examination is essential for differentiation of… …   Coke&Coal Terminology

  • cannel coal — can′nel coal [[t]ˈkæn l[/t]] n. min an oily, compact coal that burns readily and brightly. Also called can′nel • Etymology: 1530–40; cannel, dial. form of candle …   From formal English to slang

  • cannel coal — /ˈkænəl koʊl/ (say kanuhl kohl) noun a compact coal containing much volatile matter which burns readily and brightly. Also, cannel. {apparently for candle coal} …  

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