- Sigismund Kęstutaitis
: "For other nobles of the same name, see
Sigismund ."Sigismund Kęstutaitis ( _lt. Žygimantas I Kęstutaitis, _pl. Zygmunt Kiejstutowicz; born ca. 1365, murdered on
20 March 1440 inTrakai Peninsula Castle ) was theGrand Duke of Lithuania from 1432 to 1440.Sigismund was hisbaptismal name ; Sigismund's pagan Lithuanian birth name is unknown. He was son of theGrand Duke of Lithuania Kęstutis and his wifeBirutė .After the death of
Kęstutis , he was a prisoner ofJogaila from 1382–1384. Sigismund was baptized in Catholic rite in 1383. In 1384 he escaped captivity and joined his brotherVytautas the Great , who allied himself with theTeutonic Knights . When Vytautas allied with the Teutonic Knights for the second time to fightSkirgaila , Sigismund was a hostage of the Teutonic Knights together with his family from 1389–1398. He became Duke ofNavahradak , 1390–1440, andStarodub since 1406. He participated in theBattle of Vorskla and theBattle of Grunwald . After the death of Vytautas, he supported his cousinŠvitrigaila in his fight againstPoland , but later was convinced by nobles to participate in a conspiracy against him.On
September 1 ,1432 Sigismund became the Grand Duke of Lithuania. He signedUnion of Grodno with Jogaila and ceded some territories inVolhynia andPodolia to Poland. However, Švitrigaila was still active and had support from many Eastern Orthodox nobles. In 1434, in an attempt to attract support from these nobles, he issued a privilege to nobles ofEastern Orthodox faith, making their rights equal to the rights of nobleRoman Catholics . He guaranteed that no noble, regardless of religion, of Grand Duchy of Lithuania can be imprisoned and punished without a court. The privilege was an important development and accelerated formation of afeudal system .Sigismund's army defeated Švitrigaila in the
Battle of Pabaiskas onSeptember 1 ,1435 .Livonian Order , an ally of Švitrigaila, suffered a major defeat. After strengthening his positions in Lithuania, he tried to loosen this ties with Poland and started negotiations 1438–1440 withAlbert II, Holy Roman Emperor for an anti-Polish alliance but was killed by supporters of Švitrigaila (possibly led by Alexander Czartoryski) onMarch 20 ,1440 . Sigismund had one son,Michael Boleslaw , who died shortly before10 February 1452 .References
* cite encyclopedia | first=Bronius | last=Dundulis | editor=Vytautas Spečiūnas | encyclopedia=Lietuvos valdovai (XIII-XVIII a.): enciklopedinis žinynas | title=Žygimantas I Kęstutaitis | year=2004 | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas | location=Vilnius | id=ISBN 5-420-01535-8 | pages=94–96
See also
*
Gediminids
*List of Belarusian rulers
*List of Lithuanian rulers
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