- Geneva Accords (1988)
The Geneva Accords, known formally as the agreements on the settlement of the situation relating to
Afghanistan , were signed on14 April 1988 between Afghanistan andPakistan , with theUnited States and theSoviet Union serving asguarantors .The accords consisted of several instruments: a bilateral agreement between the
Republic of Afghanistan and theIslamic Republic of Pakistan on the principles of mutual relations, in particular on non-interference and non-intervention; a declaration on international guarantees, signed by theUSSR and theUSA ; a bilateral agreement between Afghanistan and Pakistan on the voluntary return ofAfghan refugees ; and an agreement on the interrelationships for the settlement of the situation relating to Afghanistan, signed by Afghanistan and Pakistan and witnessed by the Soviet Union and the United States.The agreements also contained provisions for the timetable of the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. It officially began on
15 May 1988 and ended by15 February 1989 , thus putting an end to a nine-year-long Soviet occupation andSoviet war in Afghanistan .The Afghan resistance, or
mujahidin , were neither party to the negotiations nor to the Geneva accords and, consequently, refused to accept the terms of the agreement. As a result, the civil war continued after the completion of the Soviet withdrawal. The Soviet-backed regime ofNajibullah , though failing to win popular support, territory, or international recognition, was able to remain in power until 1992, when it collapsed and was overrun by the mujahidin.External links
* [http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/co_mission/ungomap/background.html The United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP) oversaw the Soviet troop withdrawal]
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