Amnion

Amnion

Infobox Anatomy
Name = Amnion
Latin =
GraySubject = 12
GrayPage = 56


Caption = Surface view of embryo of Hylobates concolor.


Caption2 = Human fetus, enclosed in the amnion.
System =
MeshName = Amnion
MeshNumber = A10.615.284.277
:"For the alien race in Stephen Donaldson's The Gap Cycle, see Amnion (Gap Cycle)."The amnion is a membranous sac that surrounds and protects the embryo. It is developed in reptiles, birds, and mammals, which are hence called “Amniota”; but not in amphibian and fish, which are consequently termed “Anamniota”. The primary function of this is the protection of the embryo for its future development.

In humans

In the human embryo the earliest stages of the formation of the amnion have not been observed; in the youngest embryo which has been studied the amnion was already present as a closed sac, and appears in the inner cell-mass as a cavity. This cavity is roofed in by a single stratum of flattened, ectodermal cells, the amniotic ectoderm, and its floor consists of the prismatic ectoderm of the embryonic disk—the continuity between the roof and floor being established at the margin of the embryonic disk. Outside the amniotic ectoderm is a thin layer of mesoderm, which is continuous with that of the somatopleure and is connected by the body-stalk with the mesodermal lining of the chorion.

When first formed the amnion is in contact with the body of the embryo, but about the fourth or fifth week fluid (liquor amnii) begins to accumulate within it. This fluid increases in quantity and causes the amnion to expand and ultimately to adhere to the inner surface of the chorion, so that the extra-embryonic part of the coelom is obliterated. The liquor amnii increases in quantity up to the sixth or seventh month of pregnancy, after which it diminishes somewhat; at the end of pregnancy it amounts to about 1 liter.

The amniotic fluid allows the free movements of the fetus during the later stages of pregnancy, and also protects it by diminishing the risk of injury from without. It contains less than two percent solids, consisting of urea and other extractives, inorganic salts, a small amount of protein, and frequently a trace of sugar. That some of the liquor amnii is swallowed by the fetus is proved by the fact that epidermal debris and hairs have been found among the contents of the fetal alimentary canal.

In reptiles, birds, and many mammals

In reptiles, birds, and many mammals the amnion is developed in the following manner

At the point of constriction where the primitive digestive tube of the embryo joins the yolk-sac a reflection or folding upward of the somatopleure takes place.

This, the amniotic fold, first makes its appearance at the cephalic extremity, and subsequently at the caudal end and sides of the embryo, and gradually rising more and more, its different parts meet and fuse over the dorsal aspect of the embryo, and enclose a cavity, the amniotic cavity.

After the fusion of the edges of the amniotic fold, the two layers of the fold become completely separated, the inner forming the amnion, the outer the false amnion or serosa.

The space between the amnion and the serosa constitutes the extra-embryonic celom, and for a time communicates with the embryonic celom. The Amnion then is transported across the mesoderm to relieve further protection from such harmful chemicals as, zytoisn, poitan and the most dangerous of all, the exploatan.


=Additional

ee also

* Amniotic sac

External links

* - "Female Reproductive System: placenta, chorionic plate"
* [http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/embryology/earlydev/week2/chorion&ys.html McGill]
* [http://casereports.bmj.com/accepted-cases/Walid_August_2008.pdf The Foeto-Amnio-Placental complex]


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Amnĭon — Amnĭon, 1) (gr. Ant.), Opferschale zum Auffangen des Blutes; 2) (Amnium), Schafhäutchen, die innerste Haut der Eihüllen (s.d.), welche den Fötus der Säugethiere u. Menschen umschließen; sie scheidet eine Flüssigkeit (Amniumwasser, Amnii liquor,… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • amnion — (n.) 1660s, Modern Latin, from Gk. amnion membrane around a fetus, said to be originally bowl in which the blood of victims was caught [Liddell & Scott], which is variously said to be of unknown origin, from ame bucket, or a dim. of amnos lamb …   Etymology dictionary

  • amnion — amnìōn m <G amnióna> DEFINICIJA fiziol. unutrašnjost embrijske ovojnice; poput mjehura obavija embrij i sadrži amnionsku tekućinu (plodovu vodu); amnij ETIMOLOGIJA nlat. ← grč. amníon: posteljica ≃ amnós: janje …   Hrvatski jezični portal

  • Amnion — Am ni*on, n. [Gr. ? the membrane round the fetus, dim. of ? lamb.] (Anat.) A thin membrane surrounding the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • amnion — amnion. См. амнион. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • Amnĭon — Amnĭon, s. Embryonalhüllen …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Amnion — Amnĭon (grch.), Schafhaut, die innerste Eihaut, die den Embryo der höhern Wirbeltiere (Reptilien. Vögel und Säugetiere, der Amniōten) umgibt, enthält eine eiweißhaltige Flüssigkeit (Amnionwasser, Fruchtwasser), in welcher der Fötus, vor Druck und …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Amnion — (Schafhäutchen) heißt die innerste von den häutigen Hüllen, welche im menschlichen und thierischen Eie den Embryo umgeben. Sie ist dünn, dabei aber fest und schließt eine eigene Flüssigkeit, das Fruchtwasser in sich, in dem der Embryo gleichsam… …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • Amnion — ⇒ Embryonalhüllen …   Deutsch wörterbuch der biologie

  • amnion — [am′nē ən, am′nēän΄] n. pl. amnions or amnia [am′nēə] [Gr, dim. of amnos, lamb < IE * agwhnos > YEAN, L agnus] 1. the innermost membrane of the sac enclosing the embryo of a mammal, reptile, or bird: it is filled with a watery fluid… …   English World dictionary

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