Murray's system of needs

Murray's system of needs


In 1938 Henry Murray published his system of needs in Explorations in Personality[1] in order to describe personality. He states that humans have all basic needs and that everyone has unique varying dispositional tendencies towards a level for each need. In other words, a specific need is more important to some than to others.

Murray places each need on its own but also states that needs can be interrelated in some ways. Some behaviors meet several needs at once. An example of this is performing a difficult task for your fraternity. This meets the needs of achievement and affiliation.

List of psychological needs

This is a (partial) list of Murray's needs.

Domain Need for... Representative behavior
Ambition Achievement Overcoming obstacles
Recognition Describing accomplishments
Exhibition Attempting to shock or thrill others
Materialism Acquisition Obtaining things
Order Making things neat and orderly
Retention Hoarding things
Construction Building something
Defense of status Infavoidance Concealing a handicap or a failing
Defendance Giving an explanation or excuse
Counteraction Retaliating for something
Human power Dominance Directing others' behavior
Deference Cooperating with or obeying someone
Autonomy Standing up to authority
Contrariance Being oppositional
Aggression Attacking or belittling others
Abasement Apologizing or confessing
Blame avoidance Stifling blameworthy impulses
Affection between people Affiliation Spending time with others
Rejection Snubbing others
Nurturance Taking care of someone
Succorance Being helped by another
Play Seeking diversion through others
Exchange of information Cognizance Asking questions of others
Exposition Delivering information to others

See also

References

  1. ^ Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University Press

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