Miriam Shapira-Luria

Miriam Shapira-Luria
Miriam Shapira-Luria
Born Konstanz
Other names Rabbanit Miriam
Ethnicity Jewish
Known for Woman Talmudic scholar
Religion Orthodox Judaism
Spouse Yochanan Luria
Parents Solomon Shapira

Miriam Shapira-Luria, also known as Rabbanit Miriam, was a Talmudic scholar of the Late Middle Ages. According to academic Lawrence H. Fuchs, she was one of the "most noted" women Talmud scholars.[1]

Contents

Family

Miriam Shapira-Luria was born sometime in the 13th–15th centuries[2][3][4][5][6][7] in Konstanz, on the southern German border.[5] Her father was Rabbi Solomon Shapira, a descendant of Rashi, the renowned 11th century commentator.[3][4][6] Shapira-Luria's brother was the noted rabbi, Perez of Konstanz.[6] Her husband, Yochanan Luria[3] was a rabbi who was known to interpret the Talmud liberally.[1]

Talmud teacher

Shapira-Luria, also known as Rabbanit Miriam,[2] taught in Padua, Italy.[8] She conducted a yeshiva (a higher institution for the study of central Jewish texts) and gave public lectures on Jewish codes of law.[4][5] She was thoroughly conversant in rabbinical writings,[6] and Nahida Ruth Lazarus writes that her "Talmudic disputations with other distinguished scholars of her time created a great sensation."[9] Female community teachers were rare in Jewish tradition but "not unheard of", according to Norma Baumel Joseph, who lists as other examples Huldah, Bruriah, Asnat Barzani, and Nechama Leibowitz.[10]

Shapira-Luria was also known for her beauty, and she taught Talmud to elite young men from behind a curtain so that they would not get distracted by her appearance.[2][5]

Despite her standing as a scholar, Shapira-Luria was never given an aliyah (called up to a Torah reading) or included in a minyan (the quorum of ten male Jewish adults required for certain religious obligations).[1]

Descendants

Shapira-Luria was the ancestress of the Luria rabbinical family,[6] notably the grandmother of Solomon Luria (Maharshal), the renowned posek (Jewish religious law decisor).[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c Fuchs, Lawrence H. (2000). Beyond Patriarchy: Jewish Fathers and Families. University Press of New England. p. 68. ISBN 9780874519419. http://books.google.com/books?id=pyFDQsT4QW4C&dq=scholar+miriam+shapira&q=miriam#v=snippet&q=miriam%20shapira&f=false. 
  2. ^ a b c Eisenberg, Joyce; Scolnic, Ellen (2001). The JPS Dictionary of Jewish Words. Jewish Publication Society. p. 114. ISBN 9780827607231. http://books.google.com/books?id=ykWQGAJ4_HkC&pg=PA114&dq=Miriam+Shapira++luria&hl=en&ei=MBegTMX2OcGC8gbx1O1s&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Miriam%20Shapira%20%20luria&f=false. 
  3. ^ a b c d Brayer, Menachem Mendl (1986). The Jewish Woman in Rabbinic literature, Volume 1. Ktav Publishing House. pp. 104, 113. ISBN 9780881250725. http://books.google.com/books?id=mOtWPalIFA4C&dq=scholar+miriam+spira&q=miriam#v=snippet&q=miriam&f=false. 
  4. ^ a b c Rubin-Schwartz, Shuly (2006). The Rabbi's Wife: The Rebbetzin in American Jewish Life. New York University Press. p. 12. ISBN 9780814740163. http://books.google.com/books?id=Tn8J5xhK0oEC&pg=PA12&dq=miriam+spira&hl=en&ei=FCGgTISaKcP-8AbMy_XsDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=miriam%20spira&f=false. 
  5. ^ a b c d Karpeles, Gustav (1895). Jewish Literature, and Other Essays. Jewish Publication Society. p. 117. http://books.google.com/books?id=3kcLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA117&dq=%22miriam+shapiro%22&hl=en&ei=JiOgTIbhCcP38AbzoYWgDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22miriam%20shapiro%22&f=false. 
  6. ^ a b c d e Papers Read Before the Jews College Literary Society During the Session 1886-7. The Jewish Chronicle. 1887. p. 86. http://books.google.com/books?id=rDsUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA86&dq=%22miriam+schapira%22&hl=en&ei=OiWgTIWAEcG88gatxsx1&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22miriam%20schapira%22&f=false. 
  7. ^ Henry, Sondra; Taitz, Emily (1978). Written out of History: A Hidden Legacy of Jewish Women Revealed Through Their Writings and Letters. Bloch Publishing Company. p. 87. 
  8. ^ Taitz, Emily; Henry, Sondra (1996). Remarkable Jewish Women: Rebels, Rabbis, and Other Women from Biblical Times to the Present. Jewish Publication Society. p. 42. ISBN 9780827605732. 
  9. ^ Remy, Nahida (1916). The Jewish Woman. Bloch Publishing Company. http://books.google.com/books?id=oiIiAaaJcC4C&pg=PA168&dq=%22miriam+luria%22&hl=en&ei=JCmgTPv5HIK88gbs4rH7DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22miriam%20luria%22&f=false. 
  10. ^ Baumel Joseph, Norma. "The Feminist Challenge to Judaism: Critique and Transformation", in Joy, Morny; Neumaier-Dargyay, Eva K.; Gerhart, Mary (1995). Gender, Genre and Religion: Feminist Reflections. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 63.

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