Mingus: Charlie Mingus 1968

Mingus: Charlie Mingus 1968
Directed by	Thomas Reichman
Produced by	Thomas Reichman
Starring	Charlie Mingus Carolyn Mingus
Cinematography	Lee Osborne Michael Wadleigh
Editing by	Richard Clarke Marshall Potakin
Distributed by	Inlet Films
Release date(s)	1968
Running time	58 min
Country	United States
Language	English

Mingus: Charlie Mingus 1968 is an American documentary film directed by Thomas Reichman that follows the later life of jazz musician Charles Mingus and his five year old daughter as they are being evicted from his New York loft for not paying the rent. Reichman talks with Mingus in a very personal setting as the film documents Mingus’ outlook on society, women, music, his daughter, politics and the country as a whole. The camera crew talks with Mingus conversationally and spends time with him and his daughter so that the film takes on an intimate level. The film highlights their way of life and how political and racial tensions had affected people of the 1960s personally. The reason for Reichman’s investigation into Mingus’ eviction was to show the lifestyle of a prominent jazz musician and also to show how society was structured during the time. At a time when the Jim Crow laws had only just been rescinded (Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka) three years prior, there were African Americans that didn’t feel that they were treated equally; in many cases they weren’t.^[1] Throughout this film Mingus’ makes it clear that he believes that society is run for and by “white America” and goes to say that if it were not for his standing as a jazz musician he would not be treated anywhere close to equally.

Content

The film looks into the life of Mingus as a musician, a father and a U.S. citizen simultaneously. To begin, the audience is given a first-hand look at Mingus’ true passion: music. Throughout the documentary there are clips of Mingus’ performing with a small ensemble of other musicians jamming out in the outskirts of Boston at Lenny’s; a favorite club of jazz performers. However, though Mingus’ musical talents are part of this film, they are not the main focus. Reichman instead documents how Mingus is being evicted from his New York city apartment. The movie begins with Mingus talking about his possible eviction and how he would not even have gotten a chance to appeal to the city if not for his standing as a musician. In his eyes, a normal Negro wouldn’t have gotten a chance at all.

Mingus continues to speak his mind and shows the camera men a gun that he has in his apartment. This gun comes up again throughout the movie as he says that anyone can learn to kill and that they won’t be getting him out of his loft easily. If he wanted to, Mingus says, he could get all the winos in the city, bribe them with wine and get them to fight a war on the city. He makes a valid comparison as to how this is similar to how Hitler got the Nazi’s to fight for him. At points Mingus seems to be rambling about certain topics but it is apparent that he is informed about politics and true to his views.

One of the things he is most adamant about is how much he cares about his daughter. She is five years old and is also accustomed to having to live life out of boxes. The loft they are occupying in the film was meant to be a place for Mingus to build a music school where he could teach his musical talents to others. However, he said that he didn’t start it yet because he was worried about being throw out again just like he had out of a couple previous places.

When the lease was signed for the apartment, Mingus said, there were supposed to be attorneys that made sure the new place would be secure if he moved out of his old one. Yet Mingus later learned that if he had just stayed in his old place a bit longer the city would’ve had to pay him to leave since they had plans to build a hospital on the grounds. Mingus blames this on how he is under educated and also thinks that if he did not have the standing of a musician he would have been out on the streets already.

Mingus and his daughter are in the end evicted from his apartment along with all of his expensive and sentimental musical equipment. The scene of officers going to his door draws a crowd along with many reporters. To add insult to injury, Mingus is also questioned by the police about hypodermic needles and a rifle which were found when they were searching through his possessions. This leads to his arrest at the end of the film and with no apartment to go to when he get out of incarceration.

Personality

One thing that Mingus was certainly not was passive. He was known to be a man of lots of charisma and tempestuous personality which got him to be known as “The Angry Man of Jazz.”.^[2] During the film it is obvious that he has strong viewpoints on most topics and sticks to them.

There are times when he seems to be rambling on about certain topic or relating it to a completely different topic that doesn’t exactly make sense. At the time of this film he was suffering from certain psychological problems where his behavior became erratic, he ignored contacts, walked off stage early or got physically violent on stage. One instance around this time was when he punched trombone player Jimmy Knepper in the mouth and may have messed up his embouchure forever.

Although he is very eccentric and out there in his viewpoints he takes the time to develop them and they are obviously very thought out. This makes the listener more willing to hear out his ideas even if they were as dramatic as Mingus saying that Hitler was simply just fighting for land just as he is fighting for his apartment.

Yet despite his sometimes torrential personality, Mingus was a likeable person and those in the jazz scene wanted to have him around. When playing with the ensemble at the small Boston club, it is obvious that he has makes a connection with those that he comes in contact with. In between songs he makes playful comments that make the rest of the band laugh making the scene a jovial one.

Mingus definitely had swagger that would be able to make even his biggest skeptic break a smile if he wanted them to. He used lingo of the time like “Ya dig?” when he wanted to know if people understood what he was saying. Also he used musicians lingo such as “shed” (to practice), “jive” (swing) and much more. He was loved by both the men and the women due to his passionate personality and amazing musical talent.

Music

Charles Mingus is a renowned jazz musician; a type of music that is famous for its improvisational aspect. In a way this was how Mingus lived his life in that he seemed to take each day at a time.

The clips of footage taken of Mingus playing with other musicians at the jazz club made it apparent how much he felt the music. The musicians were each individually talented but jazz is about the interaction and responses that occurs between them and it was obvious that Mingus and the guys playing with him had that essential component.

Jazz musicians of the 1950s such as Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, John Coltane, Miles Davis and many more lived and breathed the music. In order to really be a musician’s musician, which Mingus definitely was, there had to be immense dedication. When asked about Mingus, trumpet player Dizzy Gillespie said “Sometimes he plays and his fingers start bleedin.’” He also said that Mingus had a “lack of peers” because not many were up to his caliber and able to successfully make music with him.^[3]

As a talented jazz bassist, which weren’t abundant, Mingus was an amazing artist that had played small clubs and ensembles throughout his life. But later in life, during the time of this film he wanted to teach others how to create music. At the end of the movie a reporter tells him that he has a lot to contribute to the world through teaching.

As Mingus speaks about his possible upcoming eviction he doesn’t appear very worried about where he and his daughter will live – it seems as though he knows they will find somewhere to go. However, when he talks about his musical equipment he gets very sentimental. They are very valuable instruments and have strong sentimental value and he is worried that they will be damaged in the moving process.

Mingus's Viewpoint

On America and Society

Throughout the film it is clear that Mingus is disillusioned toward the way that the country is run. When asked to say the pledge of allegiance he says: “I pledge alliance to the flag; the white flag. When they say black or Negro it means you r….with no stripes or no stars. It is a prestige badge worn by a profitable minority. I pledge alliance to the United States of America and to see that they will someday live up to the promises to the victims that they call citizens. Not only to the black ghettos but to the white ghettos, to the Chinese ghettos and the Japanese ghettos and to all the ghettos in the world.” He says he has suffered in the society of America.

Mingus had a reason to believe that race made a difference in the quality of life because he grew up in Los Angeles which was still very segregated during his youth. Many African Americans began to inhabit South Central and it became a low-class suburb and affected Mingus’s hometown of Watts.^[2]

Also, this documentary took place a very short time after the civil rights movement, making many subjects were still really sore and changes very slow to take effect. Mingus believed that most Negros didn’t think that they have a chance to progress in society.

Mingus also spoke about other nations and how most fighting doesn’t make sense. When speaking about Hitler and about Germany during WWII he talks of how he knew a jazz pianist that had people close to her die and it didn’t make sense because they couldn’t have been bad people. He says that when he traveled to perform in Germany their hotel rooms weren’t clean and Swastika signs were put on the door of the Jewish manager they were traveling with.

At times during the movie it seems like Mingus is going on tangents about politics and the way the world works. Yet he was a man of many big ideas and thought he could see behind the way that society worked. He had a strong sense of history and perspective that stemmed from his personal struggles and insight.^[2]

On Women

Mingus was known to love women and women also really loved him in more than just sexual ways. He talked to them intellectually which was uncommon for the time period.^[2] Although Minugs’s descriptions of females and the relations between men and women were sexually descriptive but weren’t at all vulgar.

Sex was like a religion to Mingus in that he saw it as a very natural thing to do because the act made its participants see life and death. Everyone should settle down, kiss and love. He said that a man and a woman should touch for three or four days straight because “Jesus rose for three days didn’t he? Well I [Mingus] lay for three days.” With a laugh he added to give a woman three days and three nights and see if she didn’t love him.

The way he saw a man and a woman was a natural fit and gave the example of a light bulb and a socket. The light bulb and the socket couldn’t function separately but together they could light things up and function beautifully. Mingus said that he needed to find himself a nymphomaniac and that everyone should take some time to make a little love. He was married four times and had numerous girl friends and mistresses.^[2]

However he doesn’t thinks that women should be able to protect themselves and not make bad choices. For example he says that rape in society has been on the rise but even with knowing that fact women still walk around with short skirts and low cut tops. He implied that he wants women to respect themselves.

His Daughter

Throughout the film it is apparent how much Mingus cares about his five year old daughter and would do anything for her. There are touching scenes where he was playing with his daughter and was teaching her how to play piano. It is obvious that they had the intimate connection that comes along with a single parent and child that are on their own.

Even though his parenting skills may not have been up to par with some standards (he gives her wine and says he has before when they would be out and about), it is obvious he is a caring father. When his daughter says that she wants to move back to their old place on 5th Avenue, he replies that he would go so far as to kill for keeping them in a stable place.

On the topic of his daughter and men, he tells her to love only one man and to love him well. This does not match his actions in that he has loved so many women, but he truly does want his daughter to have a good man that cares for her.

Film making

Director Thomas Reichman compiled the interviews and performances spanning over several days into a 61 minute documentary which gives a real perspective on the life of a famous black jazz musician. That his interviews are not at all formal makes the film even more genuine since the camera crew seemed to literally be just hanging out with him for a few days and nights. Numerous times Mingus offered the director and camera men wine and would openly answer any of their questions. For the most part however, they didn’t seem to have to ask many questions because Mingus could easily go on talking about different topics for quite awhile.

The film, being made in 1968, was in black and white which made put even more emphasis on the way that the emotions, feelings and tensions were shown on the screen. Since there was no color involved it made things such as Mingus’s facial expressions while describing “white America” very apparent. Also it was easy to see the love in his demeanor and face when he was on screen with his daughter and involving her in his every day activities.

Seeing as Mingus was a musician, not an actor, he had considerable charisma on camera and he was very at ease. He could play up the audience which was something that set him apart from nearly all other jazz musicians.^[2]]. He knew the right cues and angles that make the movie flow smoothly. Even though this documentary followed one event in Mingus’s life, it also showed a lot about the rest of his life. The audience could easily see his love for music through the clips of him performing and the way he talked about his instruments. There was also background on his personal life and viewpoints that showed his ideas, where he had come from and where he wanted to go with his life.

There was a definite plot line which made it have more depth than simply a series of interviews. The viewer was given a look into how the life of an African American artist was very different than that of a white famous musician of the same time period.

Historical Frame

The 1960s was an extremely turbulent time period concerning race and relations between differing ethnicities. Only five years prior to this documentary Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I Have A Dream” speech and Malcolm was leading the Black Panthers. Obviously change didn’t come overnight and Charles Mingus was a product of how African Americans felt wronged and had definite reasoning behind it. There was definitely overcrowding in the ghettos and “black” areas of New York City and kept increasing starting in 1910.^[4]

Mingus said in the film that his life had always been in boxes, which is why hardly any of his stuff was unpacked or had a place of its own. He wasn’t expecting to be able to stay in the loft for long. One of the reasons that Mingus presents in the film as to why race in society has so much affect is that the education gap is enormous.

He admits that he isn’t very well educated so it is hard to figure out society and the system. This mirrors the case of many African Americans at the time who certainly didn’t have the same opportunities as their white counterparts due to things like segregated facilities, “white flight” in housing and racist authority figures such as.^[5]

Cultural Components

At the end of the film Mingus was arrested for having hypodermic needles in his possession. He said he had them because his wife was a nurse and he had prescriptions. Although heroin was a large part of the jazz culture at the time, Mingus never took part in it and thought that people who did lots of drugs weren’t serious musicians. He said that a person had to work to be creative; all the substances in the world couldn’t make a better musician.^[2]

However , Mingus did take prescription drugs which had an effect on him but he never considered himself a part of the drug culture. He also drank a considerable amount but it was never detrimental to his musical ability. During the film he constantly has a glass of wine in his hand when he is in his apartment.

References

1. ^ Grossman, Mark (1993). The Civil Rights Movement. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc.. pp. 23–24. ISBN 0874366968. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} Santoro, Gene (2000). Myself When I Am Real: The Life and Music of Charles Mingus. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.. pp. 7, 23, 250–251, 262–263. ISBN 0195147111. 
3. ^ Coleman, Janet (1991). Mingus/Mingus. Berkeley: Creative Arts Book Company. pp. 1–3, 12, 91–93. ISBN 0879101490. 
4. ^ Katznelson, Ira (1973). Black Men, White Cities. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 86–87. ISBN 0226426718. 
5. ^ Ritterhouse, Jennifer (2006). Growing Up Jim Crow. North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 23,116–118. ISBN 0807856843.