- Dolichoderus
-
Dolichoderus 
Dolichoderus mariae Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hymenoptera Suborder: Apocrita Superfamily: Vespoidea Family: Formicidae Subfamily: Dolichoderinae Genus: Dolichoderus Dolichoderus is a large genus of ants found worldwide.
Contents
Taxonomy
The ants of the neotropical genus Monacio were revised in 1959 by Kempf. However, Brown in 1973 and G. C. Wheeler and J. Wheeler in 1973 and 1976 considered both Monacis and Hypoclinea to be junior synonyms of Dolichoderus.[1]
Description
The type species is Dolichoderus attelaboides. Worker ants in this genus have a body length that is typically about four millimetres and can be recognised by their thick, inflexible and strongly sculptured integument. There is a flange on the underside of the head near the base of the mandibles which is saw-like in some species. The longitudinal suture in the central plate of the metathorax is deeply impressed. The propodeum or first abdominal segment has the posterior face distinctly concave when viewed from the side.[2] The gaster and alitrunk are separated by a single segment, the petiole. The orifice of the cloaca is a horizontal slit rather than a circular opening. It is surrounded by a few rather stiff erect bristles.[3]
Distribution
Members of this genus are found worldwide, in all the continents except Antarctica.[2]
Biology
Colonies are of varying sizes and are constructed in the soil, in curled leaves, in the hollow stems of plants and in cartons which are formed by the ants chewing wood and mixing the product with secretions in a similar way to that used by wasps to build their nests. Some species are very versatile with Dolichoderus pustulatus nesting underground in northern parts of the United States while living wholly in trees in the south.[3] The workers seek out and tend sap-sucking insects such as aphids and scale insects that excrete honeydew and they also feed on small arthropods. Some species emit a pungent smelling fluid. Two species, Dolichoderus plagiatus and Dolichoderus taschenbergi, are believed to be polygynous with several queens in one nest. It is also possible that D. taschenbergi may be a temporary social parasite with D. plagiatus as host.[2]
Species
There are about one hundred and forty recognised species:[4]
- Dolichoderus abruptus - (Smith, 1858)
- Dolichoderus affectus - Theobald, 1937
- Dolichoderus affinis - Emery, 1889
- Dolichoderus andinus - (Kempf, 1962)
- Dolichoderus anglicus - Cockerell, 1915
- Dolichoderus angusticornis - Clark, 1930
- Dolichoderus anthracinus - (Heer, 1850)
- Dolichoderus antiquus - Carpenter, 1930
- Dolichoderus armstrongi - McAreavey, 1949
- Dolichoderus attelaboides - (Fabricius, 1775)
- Dolichoderus australis - Andre, 1896
- Dolichoderus baenae - MacKay, 1993
- Dolichoderus balticus - (Mayr, 1868)
- Dolichoderus beccarii - Emery, 1887
- Dolichoderus bidens - (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Dolichoderus bispinosus - (Olivier, 1792)
- Dolichoderus brevis - Santschi, 1920
- Dolichoderus britannicus - Cockerell, 1915
- Dolichoderus bruneti - Theobald, 1937
- Dolichoderus burmanicus - Bingham, 1903
- Dolichoderus butteli - Forel, 1913
- Dolichoderus carbonarius - Emery, 1895
- Dolichoderus caribbaeus - (Wilson, 1985)
- Dolichoderus clarki - Wheeler, 1935
- Dolichoderus clusor - Forel, 1907
- Dolichoderus cogitans - Forel, 1912
- Dolichoderus coniger - (Mayr, 1870)
- Dolichoderus coquandi - Theobald, 1937
- Dolichoderus cornutus - (Mayr, 1868)
- Dolichoderus crawleyi - Donisthorpe, 1917
- Dolichoderus curvilobus - (Lattke, 1987)
- Dolichoderus cuspidatus - (Smith, 1857)
- Dolichoderus debilis - Emery, 1890
- Dolichoderus decollatus - Smith, 1858
- Dolichoderus dentatus - Forel, 1902
- Dolichoderus dibolius - Wilson, 1985
- Dolichoderus diversus - Emery, 1894
- Dolichoderus doloniger - (Roger, 1862)
- Dolichoderus doriae - Emery, 1887
- Dolichoderus elegans - Wheeler, 1915
- Dolichoderus epetreius - (Lattke, 1987)
- Dolichoderus erectilobus - Santschi, 1920
- Dolichoderus explicans - (Foerster, 1891)
- Dolichoderus extensispinus - Forel, 1915
- Dolichoderus feae - Emery, 1889
- Dolichoderus fernandezi - MacKay, 1993
- Dolichoderus ferrugineus - Forel, 1903
- Dolichoderus formosus - Clark, 1930
- Dolichoderus furcifer - Emery, 1887
- Dolichoderus gagates - Emery, 1890
- Dolichoderus germaini - Emery, 1894
- Dolichoderus ghilianii - Emery, 1894
- Dolichoderus gibbifer - Emery, 1887
- Dolichoderus gibbus - (Smith, 1861)
- Dolichoderus glauerti - Wheeler, 1934
- Dolichoderus goudiei - Clark, 1930
- Dolichoderus gurnetensis - Donisthorpe, 1920
- Dolichoderus haradae - MacKay, 1993
- Dolichoderus imitator - Emery, 1894
- Dolichoderus indrapurensis - Forel, 1912
- Dolichoderus inermis - MacKay, 1993
- Dolichoderus inpai - (Harada, 1987)
- Dolichoderus intermedius - MacKay, 1993
- Dolichoderus jacobsoni - Forel, 1909
- Dolichoderus kutschlinicus - (Deichmueller, 1881)
- Dolichoderus lactarius - (Smith, 1860)
- Dolichoderus lamellosus - (Mayr, 1870)
- Dolichoderus laminatus - (Mayr, 1870)
- Dolichoderus laotius - Santschi, 1920
- Dolichoderus laurae - MacKay, 1993
- Dolichoderus lobicornis - (Kempf, 1959)
- Dolichoderus longicollis - MacKay, 1993
- Dolichoderus longipennis - (Mayr, 1868)
- Dolichoderus luederwaldti - Santschi, 1921
- Dolichoderus lugens - Emery, 1894
- Dolichoderus lujae - Santschi, 1923
- Dolichoderus lutosus - (Smith, 1858)
- Dolichoderus mariae - Forel, 1885
- Dolichoderus mesonotalis - Forel, 1907
- Dolichoderus mesosternalis - Wheeler, 1915
- Dolichoderus modiglianii - Emery, 1900
- Dolichoderus moggridgei - Forel, 1886
- Dolichoderus monoceros - Emery, 1897
- Dolichoderus mucronifer - (Roger, 1862)
- Dolichoderus nigricornis - Clark, 1930
- Dolichoderus nitidus - (Heer, 1850)
- Dolichoderus obliteratus - (Scudder, 1877)
- Dolichoderus occidentalis - Clark, 1930
- Dolichoderus omacanthus - (Kempf, 1972)
- Dolichoderus oviformis - Theobald, 1937
- Dolichoderus ovigerus - Cockerell, 1915
- Dolichoderus parvus - Clark, 1930
- Dolichoderus passalomma - Wheeler, 1915
- Dolichoderus patens - (Mayr, 1870)
- Dolichoderus piceus - MacKay, 1993
- Dolichoderus plagiatus - (Mayr, 1870)
- Dolichoderus primitivus - (Wilson, 1985)
- Dolichoderus prolaminatus - (Wilson, 1985)
- Dolichoderus pustulatus - Mayr, 1886
- Dolichoderus quadridenticulatus - (Roger, 1862)
- Dolichoderus quadripunctatus - (Linnaeus, 1771)
- Dolichoderus reflexus - Clark, 1930
- Dolichoderus rohweri - Carpenter, 1930
- Dolichoderus rosenbergi - Forel, 1911
- Dolichoderus rufescens - Mann, 1912
- Dolichoderus rugosus - (Smith, 1851)
- Dolichoderus satanus - Bolton, 1995
- Dolichoderus scabridus - Roger, 1862
- Dolichoderus schulzi - Emery, 1894
- Dolichoderus scrobiculatus - (Mayr, 1876)
- Dolichoderus sculpturatus - (Mayr, 1868)
- Dolichoderus semirugosus - (Mayr, 1870)
- Dolichoderus septemspinosus - Emery, 1894
- Dolichoderus setosus - (Kempf, 1959)
- Dolichoderus shattucki - MacKay, 1993
- Dolichoderus sibiricus - Emery, 1889
- Dolichoderus siggii - Forel, 1895
- Dolichoderus smithi - MacKay, 1993
- Dolichoderus spinicollis - (Latreille, 1817)
- Dolichoderus spurius - Forel, 1903
- Dolichoderus sulcaticeps - (Mayr, 1870)
- Dolichoderus superaculus - (Lattke, 1987)
- Dolichoderus taprobanae - (Smith, 1858)
- Dolichoderus taschenbergi - (Mayr, 1866)
- Dolichoderus tauricus - Dlussky, 1981
- Dolichoderus tertiarius - (Mayr, 1868)
- Dolichoderus thoracicus - (Smith, 1860)
- Dolichoderus tricolor - Emery, 1914
- Dolichoderus tricornis - Emery, 1897
- Dolichoderus tristis - Mann, 1916
- Dolichoderus tuberifer - Emery, 1887
- Dolichoderus turneri - Forel, 1902
- Dolichoderus validus - (Kempf, 1959)
- Dolichoderus varians - Mann, 1916
- Dolichoderus vectensis - Donisthorpe, 1920
- Dolichoderus vexillarius - Wheeler, 1915
- Dolichoderus voraginosus - MacKay, 1993
- Dolichoderus ypsilon - Forel, 1902
References
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