Ficus superba var. henneana

Deciduous Fig
Deciduous Fig by the Pacific Highway, near the Manning River, Australia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Moraceae
Genus:	Ficus
Species:	F. superba var. henneana
Trinomial name
Ficus superba var. henneana (Miq.) Corner
Synonyms
Ficus henneana Miq. Ficus gracilipes F.M.Bailey Ficus parkinsonii Hiern Ficus pritzelii Warb.[1]

Ficus superba var. henneana is a strangler fig only occurring in Australia. It is a variety of Ficus superba which occurs in China, Japan and parts of South East Asia.

The Cedar Fig or Deciduous Fig grows in Australia from Milton, New South Wales to northern Queensland and the Northern Territory. The habitat is riverine, littoral or the drier forms of rainforest. The tree is semi deciduous, seldom losing all leaves in winter.

This Australian variety was named after Diedrich Henne, who collected this plant at Booby Island in the Torres Strait. Superba is from Latin referring to "outstanding" or "superb". The fruit is considered edible for humans, but it is not particularly palatable.

Description

Ficus superba var. henneana can grow to 35 metres (115 ft) in height in the best sites, or a smaller spreading tree on exposed rocky slopes. Like other strangler figs it is a hemi-epiphyte.

The bark is grey or reddish brown. Rough with scales, cracks and vertical bumps. The base of the tree is buttressed, but not as prominently as in the Moreton Bay Fig. White sap appears when a branch is cut.

Leaves are alternate, simple and entire, 8 to 12 centimetres (3.1 to 4.7 in) long and 2 to 5 centimetres (0.79 to 2.0 in) wide. Oval or elliptical in shape. Mostly with a short blunt tip. Rounded at the base or heart shaped. This tree can be identified in New South Wales by the long leaf stem 2 to 5 cm (0.79 to 2.0 in) long. The leaf midrib is sunken on the upper surface and raised below.

Reproduction

Flowers form within a translucent receptacle, a syconium. Flowers pollinated by fig wasps within the fig. The mature fig changes to a purplish colour with pink dots, globular in shape, 25 millimetres (0.98 in) in diameter. Figs ripe from January to July, but sometimes appearing mature in different times of the year.

Figs eaten by a large variety of birds including Australasian Figbird, Coxen's Fig-parrot, Green Catbird, Lewin's Honeyeater, Regent Bowerbird, Rose Crowned Fruit Dove, Topknot Pigeon, Wompoo Fruit Dove and Yellow-eyed Cuckoo-shrike. Regeneration is easy from fresh seed and cuttings. The marcotting technique of propagation is suited to Ficus superba var. henneana.^[2]

Uses

Suited to parks and large gardens as an ornamental tree

References

1. ^ "Ficus superba var. henneana". Flora of Australia Online. Australian Biological Resources Study. http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=60. 
2. ^ Floyd, A.G., Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia, Inkata Press 2008, ISBN 9780958943673 page 233