Mardin

Mardin
Mardin
Cityscape
Location of Mardin within Turkey.
Coordinates: 37°19′0″N 40°44′16″E / 37.316667°N 40.73778°E / 37.316667; 40.73778Coordinates: 37°19′0″N 40°44′16″E / 37.316667°N 40.73778°E / 37.316667; 40.73778
Country  Turkey
Region Southeastern Anatolia
Province Mardin
Government
 - Mayor Süleyman Yıldız
Area
 - City 8,806 km2 (3,400 sq mi)
Elevation 1,083 m (3,553 ft)
Population (2009)
 - Density 80/km2 (207.2/sq mi)
 Urban 82.444
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code 47x xx
Area code(s) 0482
Licence plate 47
Website Mardinimiz.net

Mardin (Arabic: ماردين‎, Mardīn,Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ‎) is a city in southeastern Turkey. The capital of Mardin Province, it is known for its Arabic-like architecture, and for its strategic location on a rocky mountain overlooking the plains of northern Syria.[1]

Contents

History

Yezidi men in Mardin, late 19th century

The name of the city is derived from the Syriac-Aramaic word "ܡܪܕܐ" meaning fortress. Most Syriac Orthodox churches and monasteries in the city were built on ancient Assyrian-Babylonian temple sites and some are still active today. The Syriac Orthodox Saffron Monastery was founded in 439 AD and is one of the oldest monasteries in the world and the only one that is still functioning in southern Turkey. From 1160 until 1932, it was the seat of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch, until the Patriarchate relocated to the Syrian capital Damascus. The site of the monastery itself is said to have been used as a temple by sun worshipers as long ago as 2000 BC.[2][3] Mardin is likely the Maride and Marida of the Greeks and Romans. Another important church, Kırklar Kilisesi (Church of the 40 Martyrs), originally built in the name of Behnam and Saro, the two sons of the Assyrian ruler who executed them because they chose to become Christian, dates from 569 AD[citation needed], and even during its use as a capital by the Artukid Turkish dynasty which ruled Eastern Anatolia and Northern Mesopotamia between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries. The 12th century Sitti Radviyye Madrasa, the oldest of its kind in Anatolia, dates from this period.

The lands of the Artukid dynasty fell to the Mongols who took control of the region in 1394, but the Mongols never directly governed the area. Mardin was later controlled by the Turkic tribes who came from Central Asia Akkoyunlu kingdom. The Kasımiye Madrasa was built by Sultan Kasım, son of the Akkoyunlu Sultan Cihangir, between 1457 and 1502. In 1517, Mardin was conquered by Ottoman Turks. During 1915-1916, Arab, Assyrian/Syriac and Armenian Christians of all denominations were massacred or driven away.[4][5] After the genocide in 1916, the Christian survivors fled mostly south to Syria and Iraq. The most common destination was either Al-Kamishli or Al-Hasaka, Syria; there is even a Mardin Club in Detroit, MI today.

Mosques

Melikşah Grand Mosque
Melik Mahmud Mosque
Abdüllatif Mosque
Şehidiye Medresse and Mosque
Selsel Mosque
Necmettin Gazi Mosque
Kasım Tuğmaner Mosque
Reyhaniye Mosque
Hamidiye Mosque
Süleymanpaşa Mosque
Secaattin and Mehmet Mosque
Hamza-i Kebir Mosque
Şeyh Abdülaziz Mosque
Melik Eminettin el-Emin Mosque
Sıtra Zaviye Mosque
Şeyh Salih Mosque
Mahmut Türki Mosque
Sarı Mosque
Şeyh Çabuk Mosque
Nizamettin Begaz Mosque
Kale Mosque
Dinari Mosque

Churches

Monastery of Deyrul Zafran

Meryemana (Virgin Mary) Church
Mor Yusuf (Surp Hovsep) Church
Mor Behnam Church
Deyrü'z-Zafaran Monastery
Mor Mihail Church
Mor Semune Church
Mor Petrus and Pavlus Church
Red (Surp Kevork) Church
Mor Cercis Church
Mor Efraim Monastery

Climate

Mardin has a semi-arid climate with very hot and dry summers and cold, wet, and occasionally snowy winters. Temperatures in summer usually increase to 40°C - 50°C (104°F - 122°F) due to Mardin being situated right next to the border of Syria. Snowfall is quite common between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two. Mardin has over 3000 hours of sun per year. Mardin hold Turkey's heat record of +48.8°C.

Climate data for Mardin
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 6.1
(43.0)
7.5
(45.5)
12.0
(53.6)
17.7
(63.9)
24.2
(75.6)
30.9
(87.6)
35.3
(95.5)
34.9
(94.8)
30.4
(86.7)
23.1
(73.6)
14.4
(57.9)
8.2
(46.8)
20.39
(68.71)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.1
(37.6)
4.1
(39.4)
8.2
(46.8)
13.7
(56.7)
19.7
(67.5)
25.8
(78.4)
30.0
(86.0)
29.6
(85.3)
25.2
(77.4)
18.5
(65.3)
10.7
(51.3)
5.2
(41.4)
16.15
(61.07)
Average low °C (°F) 0.6
(33.1)
1.3
(34.3)
4.7
(40.5)
9.9
(49.8)
15.1
(59.2)
20.2
(68.4)
24.6
(76.3)
24.6
(76.3)
20.6
(69.1)
14.6
(58.3)
7.7
(45.9)
2.7
(36.9)
12.22
(53.99)
Precipitation mm (inches) 99.8
(3.929)
110.7
(4.358)
94.6
(3.724)
75.5
(2.972)
37.7
(1.484)
8.3
(0.327)
3.3
(0.13)
1.2
(0.047)
4.1
(0.161)
33.3
(1.311)
68.7
(2.705)
104.2
(4.102)
641.4
(25.252)
Avg. rainy days 10.6 10.6 10.7 9.9 6.6 1.7 0.5 0.2 0.7 5.3 7.4 10.2 74.4
Sunshine hours 139.5 142.8 189.1 222 310 375 396.8 368.9 315 238.7 174 136.4 3,008.2
Source: Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü [1]

Notable people

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Mardin is twinned with:

Slovenia Ljubljana, Slovenia, since 2003

See also

Notes

References

Mardin.jpg
Resim 605.jpg
  • Ayliffe, Rosie, et al.. (2000) The Rough Guide to Turkey. London: Rough Guides.
  • Gaunt, David: Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I, Gorgias Press, Piscataway (NJ) 2006 I
  • Grigore, George (2007), L'arabe parlé à Mardin. Monographie d'un parler arabe périphérique. Bucharest: Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti, ISBN (13) 978-973-737-249-9 [2]
  • Jastrow, Otto (1969), Arabische Textproben aus Mardin und Asex, in "Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft" (ZDMG) 119 : 29-59.
  • Jastrow, Otto (1992), Lehrbuch der Turoyo-Sprache in "Semitica Viva – Series Didactica", Wiesbaden : Otto Harrassowitz.
  • Minorsky, V. (1991), Mārdīn, in "The Encyclopaedia of Islam". Leiden: E. J. Brill.
  • Niebuhr, Carsten (1778), Reisebeschreibung, Copenhagen, II:391-8
  • Shumaysani, Hasan (1987), Madinat Mardin min al-fath al-'arabi ila sanat 1515. Bayrūt: 'Ālam al-kutub.
  • Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste (1692), Les six voyages, I:187
  • Sasse, Hans-Jürgen (1971), Linguistische Analyse des Arabischen Dialekts der Mhallamīye in der Provinz Mardin (Südossttürkei), Berlin.
  • Socin, Albert (1904), Der Arabische Dialekt von Mōsul und Märdīn, Leipzig.
  • della Valle, Pietro (1843), Viaggi, Brighton, I: 515
  • Wittich, Michaela (2001), Der arabische Dialekt von Azex, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Mardin — Administration Pays …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Mardin — • A residential Armenian archbishopric, a Chaldean bishopric, and a residential Syrian bishopric; moreover it is the headquarters of the Capuchin mission of Mardin and Amida Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Mardin     Mardin …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • MARDIN — MARDIN, town in Southeast Turkey; population (2004), 71,100. A Jewish community existed in Mardin from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. In 1291 Abinadab b. Saadiah Halevi of Mardin copied maimonides Moreh Nevukhim (Guide of the Perplexed) in… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Mardin — Mardin, Stadt im Ejalet Bagdad (Asiatische Türkei), südöstlich von Diarbekir, Sitz eines armenischen u. eines jakobinischen Bischofs; Fabriken in Baumwolle, Leinwand, Seide, Gold u. Silberstoffen, Saffian, Glas etc.; 12,000 Ew., darunter viele… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Mardin — Mardin, Hauptstadt des Sandschaks M. (14,200 qkm, 193,100 Einw.) im asiatisch türk. Wilajet Diarbekr, am Nordrande der großen mesopotamischen Ebene, liegt 930 m hoch terrassenförmig an der Südseite eines hohen Felsens mit verfallener Burg,… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Mardîn — Mardîn, Stadt im asiat. türk. Wilajet Diarbekr, am Masiusberg, 25.000 E. (5000 Christen) …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Mardin —    Mardin is a small city (some 60,000) and also the name of a province (over 700,000) in southeastern Turkey bordering on Syria and thus in the northern part of the historic Jazire. The population is largely ethnic Kurdish, although there are… …   Historical Dictionary of the Kurds

  • Mardin — Para otros usos de este término, véase Provincia de Mardin. Mardin Bandera …   Wikipedia Español

  • Mardin — Vorlage:Infobox Ort in der Türkei/Wartung/Landkreis Mardin …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Mardin — ▪ Turkey       city, capital of Mardin il (province), southeastern Turkey. It lies on the southern slopes of a broad highland that rises to an elevation of 3,450 feet (1,052 metres) and overlooks extensive limestone plateaus. The locality… …   Universalium

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”