Carangoides ciliarius

Taxobox
name = "Carangoides ciliarius"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Actinopterygii
ordo = Perciformes
subordo = Percoidei
superfamilia = Percoidea
familia = Carangidae
genus = "Carangoides"
species = "C. ciliarius"
binomial = "Carangoides ciliarius"
binomial_authority = (Rüppell, 1830)
synonyms =
*"Sciaena armata"
Forsskål, 1775
*"Citula armata"
(Forsskål, 1775)
*"Caranx armatus"
(Forsskål, 1775)
*"Citula ciliaria"
Rüppell, 1830
*"Caranx citula"
Cuvier, 1833
*"Caranx cirrhosus"
Ehrenberg, 1833

"Carangoides ciliarius" is a dubious species of marine fish in the jack and horse mackerel family, Carangidae. The validity of the species has been questioned by a number of authors, with many concluding it is a synonym of the similar "Carangoides armatus", commonly known as the longfin trevally. However, this synonymy has not been accepted by all authorities, with Fishbase and ITIS both recognising it as a valid species. Like "Carangoides armatus", the species is occasionally referred to as the 'longfin kingfish'.

Taxonomy

The species, as it is currently recognised, was scientifically described and named by the German naturalist Eduard Rüppell in 1830, based on the holotype specimen taken from Massawa in the Red Sea. [cite web | last = California Academy of Sciences: Ichthyology | title = "ciliaria, Citula" | work = Catalog of Fishes | publisher = CAS | date = April 2008 | url = http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?spid=34499 | accessdate =2008-08-06 ] Rüppell named the fish "Citula ciliaria", placing the species in what was at the time a valid genus of jacks. As the classification of the carangids was reviewed, "Citula" was synonymised with "Pseudocaranx", with "C. ciliaria" transferred to "Carangoides", and the specific name changed from "ciliaria" to "ciliarius", leading to the currently accepted combination. There is a possibility that Peter Forsskål described and named the species earlier, in 1775, which would make him the correct author under ICZN rules. He named a species "Sciaena armata", but the description has been too vague to make any certain conclusions, and this name is considered a "nomen dubium" that cannot hold priority, and placed in synonymy with "C. ciliarius". cite journal | last = Smith | first = Margaret M. | title = Identity of "Caranx armatus" (Pisces: Carangidae) | journal = Copeia | volume = 1973 | issue = 2 | pages = 352-355 | date = 1973 | url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/1442982 | doi = | accessdate = 2008-07-29 ]

Georges Cuvier independently renamed the species as "Caranx citula" in 1833, also making reference to the name "Caranx cirrhosus" as a synonym of his new name. This name was apparently coined by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg, although never properly published. These two names are considered to be junior synonyms under ICZN naming rules and are no longer valid.

ynonymy with "Carangoides armatus"

There has been extensive confusion in the ichthyological literature between "C. ciliarius" and "C. armatus". Rüppell described both 'species' in the same volume, and a 1973 paper by Margret Smith concluded he merely described both a young and an old individual of the same species. She recommended that "C. ciliarius" be given priority due to the fact it appears first in the book. A similar mistake involving misidentification of age stages apparently occurred in a 1937 analysis of carangids by Yojiro Wakiya, who divided "C. armatus" into four separate species, one of them being "C. ciliarius". [cite journal | last = Nichols | first = J. T. | title = On "Citula ciliaria" Rüppell | journal = Copeia | volume = 1940 | issue = 3 | pages = 201-202 | location = | date = 1940 | url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/1437985 | accessdate = 2008-07-30] The most recent investigation into this taxonomic problem occurred in 1980, when Williams and Venkataramani confirmed synonymy between "C. armatus" and "C. ciliarius", but recommended the name "Carangoides armatus" be kept.cite journal | last = Williams | first = F. | coauthors = Venkataramani, V.K. | title = Notes on Indo-Pacific carangid fishes of the genus "Carangoides" Bleeker II. The "Carangoides armatus" group | journal = Bulletin of Marine Science | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 501-511 | date = 1980 | url = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-07-29]

Most modern publications now list "C. ciliarius" as a synonym of "C. armatus", with the last major revision of Indo-Pacific carangids also reaffirming this.cite book | last = Carpenter | first = Kent E. | coauthors = Volker H. Niem (eds.) | title = FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4: Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae) | sher = FAO | date = 2001 | location = Rome | pages = 2684 | url = ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/x2400e/x2400e52.pdf | isbn = 92-5-104587-9 |pages= p. 2694] Nevertheless, two major taxonomic authorities, Fishbase and ITIS, list the species as valid based on the California Academy of Sciences Catalog of Fishes, [FishBase species | genus = Carangoides | species = ciliarius | year = 2008 | month = January] [ITIS | ID = 641944 | taxon = "Carangoides ciliarius" | year = 2008 | date = 29 March] which itself comments that it may be synonymous with "Carangoides armatus". This name is occasionally used in non-scientific literature such as fishing publications, although the common name given to the fish, 'longfin kingfish', is also applied to "Carangoides armatus".cite book | last = van der Elst | first = Rudy | coauthors = Peter Borchert | title =A Guide to the Common Sea Fishes of Southern Africa | publisher = New Holland Publishers | date = 1994 | pages = 142 | isbn = 1868253945 ]

ee also

*Longfin trevally, "Carangoides armatus", for a description of the species appearance and distribution

References

External links

* [http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=53230 "Carangoides ciliarius" at Fishbase]