Guanidine

Guanidine

Chembox new
Name = Guanidine
ImageFile = Guanidine-2D-skeletal.png ImageName = Skeletal formula of guanidine
ImageFile1 = Guanidine-3D-balls.png ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model of guanidine
IUPACName = Guanidine
Section1 = Chembox Identifiers
CASNo = 113-00-8
SMILES = C(=N)(N)N

Section2 = Chembox Properties
Formula = CH5N3
MolarMass = 59.0706 g mol−1
Density = x.xxx g cm−3
MeltingPt = 50 °C
BoilingPt =

Guanidine is a crystalline compound of strong alkalinity formed by the oxidation of guanine. It is used in the manufacture of plastics and explosives. It is found in urine as a normal product of protein metabolism.

Guanidinium cation

With a p"K"a of 12.5, guanidine is protonated in physiological conditions, with a charge of +1. This conjugate acid of guanidine is called the guanidinium cation, [CH6N3] +.

Notable guanidinium salts include guanidine hydrochloride, which has chaotropic properties and is used to denature proteins. Empirically, guanidine hydrochloride is known to denature proteins with a linear relationship between concentration and free energy of unfolding. Another such salt is guanidinium thiocyanate.

Guanidine derivatives

Guanidines are a group of organic compounds sharing a common functional group with the general structure (R1R2N)(R3R4N)C=N-R5. The central bond within this group is that of an imine; the other recognizable motif within this group is an aminal. Examples of guanidines are triazabicyclodecene and saxitoxin. other derivatives could include guanidine hydroxide, the active ingredient in some non-lye relaxers.Guanidinium salts are well known for their denaturing action on proteins. Guanidinium chloride is one of the most effective denaturants. In 6 M GndHCl all proteins with an ordered structure do lose it, and most of them become randomly coiled, that is, they do not contain any residual structure.

Use as an alternative fuel

Guanidine is currently being considered as an alternative fuel. In the presence of a catalyst, a mole of free-base guanidine combines with 2 moles of water to form 3 moles of ammonia and 1 mole of carbon dioxide. The ammonia can be used directly as a fuel for internal combustion engines, or decomposed into nitrogen and hydrogen gas for use in fuel cells. The guanidine could be supplied as a fuel in solid form as pure guanidine (melting point ~ 50 C) or as a lower melting point eutectic mixture with urea. Guanidine could also be supplied as solutions in ethanol, as a replacement for the gasoline component in E85 fuel.

ee also

*Guanidinium thiocyanate
*Guanidine nitrate

References


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Guanidine — Général No CAS …   Wikipédia en Français

  • guanidine — ● guanidine nom féminin Composé apparenté à l urée, obtenu en oxydant la guanine. (Présente dans certains aliments [navets, champignons, germes de blé, moules], la guanidine, stimulant des muscles, est en outre importante par ses dérivés :… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Guanidine — Gua ni*dine, n. (Physiol. Chem.) A strongly alkaline base, {NH2.CNH.NH2}, formed by the oxidation of guanin, and also obtained combined with methyl in the decomposition of creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, it yields urea and ammonia.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • guanidine — [gwä′nə dēn΄, gwä′nədin] n. [< GUANINE] a strongly poisonous crystalline base, (NH2) 2C:NH, normally found in the urine as a result of protein metabolism …   English World dictionary

  • guanidine — guanidinas statusas T sritis chemija formulė HN=C(NH₂)₂ atitikmenys: angl. guanidine; iminocarbamide; iminourea rus. гуанидин; иминокарбамид; иминомочевина …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • Guanidine nitrate — chembox new ImageFile = Guanidinium nitrate.png ImageSize = 200px IUPACName = Guanidinium nitrate OtherNames = Section1 = Chembox Identifiers Abbreviations = CASNo = 506 93 4 EINECS = 208 060 1 PubChem = 10481 SMILES = C(=N)(N)N. [N+] (=O)(O) [O… …   Wikipedia

  • guanidine phosphate — guanidinfosfatas statusas T sritis chemija formulė H₂NC(=NH)NHPO₃H₂ atitikmenys: angl. guanidine phosphate rus. гуанидинфосфат …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • guanidine — noun Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary, from guanine Date: circa 1864 a base CH5N3 derived from guanine that in the form of its hydrochloride acts as a parasympathetic stimulant and is used especially to denature proteins …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • guanidine — /gwan i deen , din, gwah ni /, n. Chem. a colorless, crystalline, strongly alkaline, water soluble solid, CH5N3, used chiefly in the manufacture of plastics, resins, rubber accelerators, and explosives. Also called carbamidine, iminourea. [1860… …   Universalium

  • guanidine — noun A strong base HN=C(NH) obtained by the oxidation of guanine …   Wiktionary

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