Freeze-dried ice cream

Freeze-dried ice cream

Freeze-dried ice cream, also known as astronaut ice cream [This phrase is also a trademark of American Outdoor Products, Inc. [http://www.backpackerspantry.com/prodinfo.asp?number=130001] ] or space ice cream, is a brick of dehydrated ice cream that is always ready to eat, with no need for refrigeration. It was developed by Whirlpool Corporation under contract to NASA for the Apollo missions.cite web
url=http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/lsda_data/nra_research_data/1994_space_food.pdf
title=Space Food
publisher=NASA
accessdate=2007-06-07 The license is now held by Action Products International, Inc.]

Apollo 7 in 1968 was the only NASA mission on which space ice cream flew in outer space. [cite web
url=http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/
title=NASA Spinoff homepage
publisher=NASA
accessdate=2007-06-07] According to a NASA food scientist, although freeze-dried ice cream was developed on request, " [i] t wasn't that popular." [cite web
url=http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/informal/features/F_Holiday_Dinner_in_Space_prt.htm
title=A Holiday Dinner in Space
date=December 15 2005
author=
publisher=NASA
accessdate=2007-06-07] Skylab had a refrigerator that was used for real ice cream, [cite web
url=http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/astronauts/food-history.html
title=History of Food in Space
publisher=NASA
accessdate=2007-06-07] and occasionally shuttle and International Space Station astronauts have enjoyed real ice cream. [cite news
url=http://www.livescience.com/blogs/2006/09/16/orbital-ice-cream-atlantis-iss-surprise/
title=Orbital Ice Cream, Atlantis’ ISS Surprise
publisher=LiveScience.com
date=2006-09-16
accessdate=2007-06-07]

Freeze drying (or lyophilization) removes water from the ice cream by lowering the air pressure to a point where ice shifts from a solid to a gas. The ice cream is placed in a vacuum chamber and frozen until the water crystallizes. The air pressure is lowered, creating a partial vacuum, forcing air out of the chamber; next heat is applied, vaporizing the ice; finally a freezing coil traps the vaporized water. This process continues for hours, resulting in a freeze-dried ice cream slice.

Freeze-dried foods were developed so that foods could be sent on long-duration spaceflights, as to the Moon, and to reduce the weight of the water and oxygen normally found in food.

Freeze-dried ice cream is ubiquitous in science museum gift shops, sometimes accompanied by other freeze-dried foods such as ice-cream sandwiches, various sliced fruits, and even pizza. It is even sold by mail-order, and is a "top five seller" at the Kennedy Space Center gift shop. [cite web
url=http://www.thespaceshop.com/neopicecream.html
title=Astronaut Ice Cream -- Cookies and Cream
publisher=Kennedy Space Center
accessdate=2007-06-07]

ee also

* Space food

References

External links

* [http://www.astronautfoods.co.uk Edu-Sci Ltd - European Distributor of Official Astronaut Foods]
* [http://www.theprofessorstastytechnology.com.au/crunchy-ice-cream.html The Australian version, called "Crunchy Ice Cream", is made by The Professors' Tasty Technology Pty Ltd.]


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