Wairau Valley

Wairau Valley

Infobox Settlement
name = Wairau Valley
population_total = 4569
population_as_of = 2006
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = New Zealand
subdivision_type1= Region
subdivision_name1= Marlborough
pushpin_

pushpin_label_position = left
latd = 41
latm = 33
lats = 56
latNS = S
longd = 173
longm = 31
longs = 44
longEW = E

Wairau Valley is the valley of the Wairau River in Marlborough, New Zealand and also the name of the main settlement in the upper valley. State Highway 63 runs through the valley. The valley opens onto the Wairau Plain, where Renwick and Blenheim are sited. [cite book|title=Reed New Zealand Atlas|year=2004|id=ISBN 0-7900-0952-8|author=Peter Dowling (editor)|publisher=Reed Books|pages=map 59] [cite book|title=The Geographic Atlas of New Zealand|year=2005|id=ISBN 1-877333-20-4|author=Roger Smith, GeographX|publisher=Robbie Burton|pages=map 138] The Alpine Fault runs along the length of the valley. [cite book|title=Click - A Captured Moment - Marlborough's Early Heritage|author=Marlborough Historical Society|year=2005|isbn=0-473-10475-X|pages=p 16]

The population of the Wairau Valley and Wairau Plain, excluding Renwick and Blenheim, was 4,569 in the 2006 Census, an increase of 717 from 2001. [cite web|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/census/2006-census-data/final-counts/marlborough-region.htm|title=Final counts – census night and census usually resident populations, and occupied dwellings - Marlborough Region|publisher=Statistics New Zealand]

Wairauite is a iron-cobalt alloy which is named after the valley. [cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/Geology/RockAndMineralNames/4/en|title=Mineral names – 2|encyclopedia=Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand]

History

J. S. Cotterell surveyed the Wairau Valley in November 1842, and reported it contained rich land. [cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/TheBush/UnderstandingTheNaturalWorld/EuropeanExploration/5/en|title=Thomas Brunner, Nelson and the West Coast|encyclopedia=Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand] Settlers from Nelson, led by Arthur Wakefield, tried to take possession of the land but the Ngāti Toa, led by Te Rauparaha and Te Rangihaeata objected. The dispute escalated into the Wairau Affray at Tuamarina on 23 June 1843, in which 22 settlers and four Māori and were killed. An enquiry held in 1844 by Governor Robert FitzRoy decided that the settlers were in the wrong. [cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/Places/Wellington/Wellington/7/en|title=The struggle to survive: 1840–1865|encyclopedia=Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand]

In 1847, Nelson farmers drove sheep into the Wairau valley and established settlements. Governor Sir George Grey purchased the land in the same year, but legal title to the land for the settlers was sorted out later. [cite book|title=Marlborough - A Provincial History|editor=A. D. McIntosh|year=1940|pages=pp 93, 131-134]

In the 1855 Wairarapa earthquake, the eastern end of the Wairau valley subsided by over a metre. [cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/NaturalHazardsAndDisasters/HistoricEarthquakes/3/en|title=The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake|encyclopedia=Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand]

Education

Wairau Valley School is a coeducational full primary (years 1-8) school with a decile rating of 5 and a roll of 66. [cite web|url=http://www.tki.org.nz/e/schools/display_school_info.php?school_id=3062|title=Te Kete Ipurangi - Wairau Valley School, Blenheim|Wairau Valley School|publisher=Ministry of Education] A school first opened in the Wairau valley in 1861. [A. D. McIntosh, p 340]

Notes


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